Table 4.
EQ-5D utility scores and the associations with patients’ background characteristics (full sample).
| Variable | Utility score, mean (SD) | Coefficient (95% CI) | P value | |
| Overall | 0.659 (0.324) | N/Aa | N/A | |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 0.633 (0.339) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Female | 0.685 (0.308) | 0.051 (0.039 to 0.064) | <.001 |
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12-20 | 0.660 (0.362) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
21-30 | 0.709 (0.289) | 0.049 (0.030 to 0.068) | <.001 |
|
|
31-40 | 0.698 (0.278) | 0.038 (0.019 to 0.057) | <.001 |
|
|
41-50 | 0.625 (0.319) | −0.035 (−0.057 to 0.014) | .001 |
|
|
51-60 | 0.557 (0.364) | −0.104 (−0.129 to 0.079) | <.001 |
|
|
≥61 | 0.476 (0.412) | −0.185 (−0.217 to 0.152) | <.001 |
| Employment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active | 0.787 (0.206) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Nonactive | 0.589 (0.355) | −0.198 (−0.211 to −0.186) | <.001 |
| Family registry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urban | 0.669 (0.322) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Rural | 0.647 (0.327) | −0.021 (−0.034 to −0.008) | .001 |
| Family annual income (CNYb) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≤5000 | 0.505 (0.381) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
5001-10,000 | 0.543 (0.367) | 0.038 (0.003 to 0.074) | .03 |
|
|
10,001-30,000 | 0.602 (0.334) | 0.098 (0.069 to 0.127) | <.001 |
|
|
30,001-50,000 | 0.658 (0.316) | 0.153 (0.125 to 0.182) | <.001 |
|
|
50,001-100,000 | 0.702 (0.299) | 0.197 (0.169 to 0.225) | <.001 |
|
|
100,001-200,000 | 0.746 (0.277) | 0.241 (0.211 to 0.272) | <.001 |
|
|
200,001-300,000 | 0.751 (0.287) | 0.246 (0.204 to 0.288) | <.001 |
|
|
300,001-500,000 | 0.755 (0.283) | 0.250 (0.195 to 0.305) | <.001 |
|
|
≥500,001 | 0.753 (0.315) | 0.249 (0.180 to 0.317) | <.001 |
| Duration of RDsc (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
≤10 | 0.710 (0.291) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
11-20 | 0.644 (0.340) | −0.066 (−0.081 to −0.052) | <.001 |
|
|
21-30 | 0.617 (0.340) | −0.093 (−0.112 to −0.074) | <.001 |
|
|
31-40 | 0.591 (0.317) | −0.119 (−0.145 to −0.093) | <.001 |
|
|
≥41 | 0.499 (0.348) | −0.211 (−0.249 to −0.174) | <.001 |
| Number of children |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 | 0.669 (0.329) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
1 | 0.664 (0.311) | −0.005 (−0.019 to 0.009) | .48 |
|
|
2 | 0.641 (0.323) | −0.028 (−0.047 to −0.009) | .005 |
|
|
≥3 | 0.530 (0.369) | −0.139 (−0.175 to −0.102) | <.001 |
| Using assistive devices in daily life (eg, wheelchair, ventilator, etc) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
No | 0.822 (0.177) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Rarely | 0.616 (0.242) | −0.206 (−0.219 to −0.193) | <.001 |
|
|
Sometimes | 0.518 (0.285) | −0.304 (−0.318 to −0.290) | <.001 |
|
|
Often | 0.316 (0.338) | −0.506 (−0.524 to −0.488) | <.001 |
|
|
Always | 0.089 (0.336) | −0.733 (−0.751 to −0.716) | <.001 |
| Disability (either physical or psychological) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes | 0.450 (0.377) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
No | 0.742 (0.258) | 0.293 (0.280 to 0.306) | <.001 |
| Number of family members living together |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 | 0.584 (0.372) | N/A | N/A |
|
|
1 | 0.629 (0.343) | 0.045 (0.011 to 0.078) | .009 |
|
|
2 | 0.674 (0.318) | 0.089 (0.057 to 0.122) | <.001 |
|
|
3 | 0.662 (0.322) | 0.078 (0.045 to 0.111) | <.001 |
|
|
≥4 | 0.662 (0.316) | 0.077 (0.045 to 0.110) | <.001 |
aN/A: not applicable.
bA currency exchange rate of CNY 1=US $0.14 is applicable.
cRD: rare disease.