Table 3.

Total Effect and Direct Effect of Covert Narcissism on PSMU

	Effect	SE	t	P	95% Confidence Interval
					LLCI	ULCI
Total effect	0.187	0.040	4.677	<.001	0.109	0.266
Direct effect	0.031	0.027	1.174	.241	−0.021	0.083

Effect = measure of the effect size (0.010 = small; 0.090 = medium; 0.250 = large).

LLCI, lower limit of confidence interval; PSMU, problematic social media use; ULCI, upper limit of confidence interval.