TABLE 3.

Risk of Alzheimer's dementia by baseline gait and/or balance disturbances by sex.

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Characteristics	HR (CI)	p-value	HR (CI)	p-value	HR (CI)	p-value	HR (CI)	p-value
Male
Binary (reference: absence)
Gait and/or balance disturbances	1.60 (1.34–1.92)	<.001***	1.44 (1.20–1.73)	<.001***	1.47 (1.22–1.77)	<.001***	1.73 (1.41–2.11)	<.001***
Numeric (per 1-point increase)
Gait and/or balance disturbances	1.21 (1.11–1.32)	<.001***	1.16 (1.06–1.27)	.001**	1.17 (1.07–1.29)	.001**	1.29 (1.17–1.42)	<.001***
Female
Binary (reference: absence)
Gait and/or balance disturbances	1.28 (1.07–1.53)	.006**	1.15 (0.95–1.38)	.159	1.18 (0.97–1.43)	.103	1.44 (1.16–1.79)	.001**
Numeric (per 1-point increase)
Gait and/or balance disturbances	1.18 (1.08–1.28)	<.001***	1.11 (1.01–1.22)	.030*	1.15 (1.04–1.27)	.006**	1.26 (1.14–1.39)	<.001***

Note: Model 1 = HR was not adjusted, Model 2 = HR adjusted for demographic characteristics, Model 3 = HR adjusted for medical conditions as well as demographic characteristics, Model 4 = HR adjusted for study sites, demographic characteristics, and medical conditions. Binary = variable based on presence or absence, Numeric = variable based on score.

Demographic characteristics include baseline age, education, marital status, race and ethnicity. Medical conditions include baseline Mini-Mental State Exam score, smoking history, body mass index, and the presence of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, seizures, traumatic brain injury, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, thyroid disease, alcohol or other substance use and depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Abbreviations: CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.