TABLE 4.

Risk of Alzheimer's dementia by baseline gait or balance disturbances (n = 2692).

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
Characteristics	HR (CI)	p-value	HR (CI)	p-value	HR (CI)	p-value	HR (CI)	p-value
Binary (reference: absence)
Gait disturbances	1.55 (1.34–1.78)	<.001***	1.39 (1.20–1.62)	<.001***	1.45 (1.24–1.69)	<.001***	1.81 (1.54–2.14)	<.001***
Numeric (per 1-point increase)
Gait disturbances	1.36 (1.22–1.51)	<.001***	1.28 (1.14–1.43)	<.001***	1.33 (1.18–1.49)	<.001***	1.57 (1.39–1.78)	<.001***
Binary (reference: absence)
Balance disturbances	1.38 (1.19–1.59)	<.001***	1.21 (1.04–1.40)	.012*	1.22 (1.05–1.42)	.008**	1.32 (1.12–1.54)	.001**
Numeric (per 1-point increase)
Balance disturbances	1.27 (1.15–1.40)	<.001***	1.16 (1.04–1.29)	.006**	1.18 (1.06–1.32)	.002**	1.23 (1.10–1.38)	<.001***

Note: Model 1 = HR was not adjusted, Model 2 = HR adjusted for demographic characteristics, Model 3 = HR adjusted for medical conditions as well as demographic characteristics, Model 4 = HR adjusted for study sites, demographic characteristics, and medical conditions. Binary = variable based on presence or absence, Numeric = variable based on score.

Demographic characteristics include baseline age, sex, education, marital status, race, and ethnicity. Medical conditions include baseline Mini-Mental State Exam score, smoking history, body mass index, and the presence of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, seizures, traumatic brain injury, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, thyroid disease, alcohol or other substance use and depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Abbreviations: CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.