Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at baseline. BB, beta-adrenoceptor blocker; NBB, nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockers; SD, Standard deviation; BMI, Body mass index
| Characteristic | Treated with BBs (n = 33,180) | Treated without BBs (n = 72,583) | Treated with NBBs (n = 4929) | Treated without NBBs (n = 100,834) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at recruitment (years), mean (SD) | 61.0(6.5) | 60.6(6.5) | 58.5(7.6) | 60.8(6.4) |
| Sex, % | ||||
| Female | 47.9 | 42.9 | 59.9 | 45.7 |
| Male | 52.1 | 57.1 | 40.1 | 54.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29.5(5.2) | 29.6(5.3) | 28.4(5.3) | 29.6(5.3) |
| Race | ||||
| White, % | 94.9 | 92.8 | 95.3 | 93.4 |
| Non-white, % | 5.1 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 6.6 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||
| Never or Previous | 89.9 | 91.2 | 88.4 | 90.9 |
| Current | 7.7 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 6.8 |
| Unknown | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| Alcohol consumption frequency, % | ||||
| None | 11.2 | 10.0 | 13.9 | 10.2 |
| Special occasions only | 13.7 | 13.7 | 15.4 | 13.6 |
| 1–3 Times a mouth | 10.7 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 10.5 |
| 1–2 Times a week | 24.1 | 24.1 | 22.1 | 24.0 |
| 3–4 Times a week | 20.3 | 20.3 | 17.9 | 20.8 |
| Daily or almost daily | 19.8 | 19.8 | 18.7 | 21.0 |
| Socioeconomic status (Townsend deprivation score), mean (SD) | − 1.0(3.2) | − 1.1(3.2) | − 1.0(3.2) | − 1.1(3.2) |
| Incomes score, mean (SD) | 0.13(0.1) | 0.12(0.1) | 0.12(0.1) | 0.13(0.1) |
| Health score, mean (SD) | 0.05(0.9) | − 0.02(0.8) | 0.02(0.9) | 0.01(0.9) |
| Education score, mean (SD) | 18.5(17.7) | 17.1(17.0) | 17.5(17.3) | 17.5(17.2) |
| Anxiety, % | 59.5 | 57.7 | 68.4 | 57.8 |
| Diabetes,% | 8.3 | 7.0 | 4.9 | 7.6 |
| Hyperlipidemia,% | 19.7 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 12.0 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases,% | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.2 |
| Hypertension,% | 54.0 | 55.7 | 35.6 | 56.1 |