Table 2.
Stratified analyses and assessment of the heterogeneity determinants.
| #RRs | RR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | I2Res. (%) | * p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| <55 years | 11 | 0.95 (0.89; 1.01) | 78.3 | 74.0 | 0.241 |
| ≥55 years | 6 | 0.86 (0.76; 0.98) | 56.8 | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 7 | 0.91 (0.89; 1.01) | 43.5 | 19.60 | 0.888 |
| Women | 7 | 0.86 (0.76; 0.98) | 0.0 | ||
| Geographical area | |||||
| Europe | 7 | 0.96 (0.86; 1.06) | 81.2 | 74.6 | 0.807 |
| Asia-Pacific | 4 | 0.95 (0.78; 1.14) | 78.3 | ||
| USA | 3 | 0.98 (0.75; 1.27) | 79.5 | ||
| World | 3 | 0.89 (0.83; 0.96) | 41.5 | ||
| Publication year | |||||
| <2019 | 8 | 0.90 (0.84; 0.97) | 55.0 | 73.4 | 0.340 |
| ≥2019 | 9 | 0.95 (0.87; 1.04) | 80.4 | ||
| Sample size | |||||
| <30,000 | 8 | 0.91 (0.75; 1.09) | 83.9 | 74.0 | 0.918 |
| ≥30,000 | 9 | 0.93 (0.89; 0.96) | 43.6 | ||
| Adjusting factors | |||||
| <8 factors | 4 | 0.84 (0.77; 0.91) | 0.0 | 70.3 | 0.134 |
| ≥8 factors | 13 | 0.95 (0.90; 1.01) | 75.2 | ||
| With NRG | 15 | 0.91 (0.87; 0.95) | 59.3 | 64.2 | 0.031 |
| Without NRG | 2 | 1.08 (0.57; 2.05) | 86.5 | ||
| With FOD | 11 | 0.93 (0.88; 0.98) | 73.9 | 74.0 | 0.547 |
| Without FOD | 6 | 0.86 (0.69; 1.06) | 74.4 | ||
| With CVD | 11 | 0.97 (0.91; 1.03) | 77.2 | 70.1 | 0.075 |
| Without CVD | 6 | 0.85 (0.79; 0.92) | 21.4 | ||
| NOS score | |||||
| <6 | 2 | 1.37 (1.19; 1.57) | 0.0 | 46.5% | <0.001 |
| ≥6 | 15 | 0.90 (0.87; 0.94) | 48.3 | ||
| <7 | 9 | 0.95 (0.85; 1.06) | 81.7 | 74.1 | 0.469 |
| ≥7 | 8 | 0.92 (0.88; 0.97) | 50.1 |
Notes. #RRs: Number of estimates included, RR (95% CI): Meta-analytical estimate of relative risk and 95% confidence limits, I2Res: Residual heterogeneity after meta-regression, *: p-value for the comparison of pooled estimates by strata, NRG: Estimates adjusted for energy intake, FOD: Estimates adjusted for different types of food intake, CVD: Estimates adjusted for any type of baseline CVD condition, type II diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidaemia.