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. 2023 Oct 31;12(21):6875. doi: 10.3390/jcm12216875

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Quantification of motor output during knee extension exercise. (a) EMG activity of lower extremity and trunk muscles during single-leg knee extension using a mini-shuttle leg press from a supine position. Left panel: left side muscles and kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle during single-left-leg press. Right panel: right side muscles and kinematics during single-right-leg press. Mini-shuttle had 3 black and 1 red resistance bands connected. Red box represents the active portion of the exercise. Muscles: medial gastrocnemius (MG); tibialis anterior (TA); medial hamstrings (MH); vastus lateralis (VL); rectus femoris (RF); gluteus maximus (GL); iliopsoas (IL); paraspinal at T12 (PS); erector spinae (ES); external oblique (EO); rectus abdominus (AB). (b) RMS of vastus lateralis (black) and rectus femoris (red) muscles during multiple knee extension attempts. Diamonds (◊) represent attempts from a supine position without resistance; circles (○) are attempts from supine position using a mini-shuttle leg press (with resistance); triangles (Δ) are attempts from sitting position using a mini-shuttle leg press (with resistance). All open symbols represent the range of motion (ROM) of the knee (black) and hip (red) joints for the matching muscle data. Left (top) and right (bottom) data are shown in separate panels. (c) Photographs of the participant conducting single-leg extension without resistance (top) and with resistance (bottom).