Figure 7.
Rhamnetin inhibits apoptosis and pyroptosis in CRAB (1 × 106 CFU)-stimulated murine macrophages. (A) Immunoblotting analysis showing decrease in levels of cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3 in CRAB-stimulated cells with 5 µM rhamnetin. Bar graphs represent the percentage of (B) cleaved PARP-1 and (C) cleaved caspase-3 levels. (D) Decrease in levels of cleaved caspase-1 with 5 µM rhamnetin in CRAB-stimulated cells. β-actin was utilized as a loading control. Bar graphs represent the percentage of (E) cleaved caspase-1 levels. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the CRAB-stimulated group.