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. 2023 Oct 29;24(21):15718. doi: 10.3390/ijms242115718

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of survival studies in ACE2-transgenic mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection. (Top) The stepwise procedure entails: (1) Use of K18-hACE2 mouse model; (2) Recording of initial weight; (3) Anesthetizing with Ketamine and Xylazine; (4) Intranasal challenge with 2.5 × 104 PFU SARS-CoV-2; (5) Daily treatments with Sigma receptor ligands, Lactoferrin, or Saline (untreated); (6) Continuous weight monitoring; (7) Euthanasia upon reaching moribund state, defined as a mass below 70% of initial weight; and (8) Documentation of survival curve. (Bottom) Proposed action mechanism of Sigma receptor ligands: (1) Binding to host receptors; (2) Reduction of coronavirus-induced cell stress; and (3) Inhibition of coronavirus replication complex formation.