Novel object recognition test. (A) We found significant differences in the pre- and post-intervention discrimination index for the Khat (** p = 0.0017) and Khat-CA-DHK (* p = 0.0157) groups using paired t-tests. In the same panel, we identified significant post-intervention differences in the discrimination index between the Control and Khat (*** p < 0.001), Control and Khat-CA-DHK (* p < 0.05), and between Khat-CA and Khat (** p < 0.01) groups using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (B) We reported significant differences in the pre- and post-intervention time spent with a novel object for the Khat (*** p = 0.0002) and Khat-CA-DHK (* p = 0.0145) groups using paired t-tests. In the same panel, significant post-intervention differences in the time spent in novel object zone between the Control and Khat (* p < 0.05), Khat-CA and Khat groups (*** p < 0.001), and Khat-CA and Khat-CA-DHK groups (* p < 0.05) were identified using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. n = 8–9/group. The significance symbols were placed just above any group’s bar when it was compared to the Control group for discrimination index. Color dots represent individual data. CA, clavulanic acid; DHK, dihydrokainic acid; s, second.