Table 3.
Binary Logistic Regression Outputs for Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Patients Receiving ART in Public Hospitals in Harar City, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 382)
| Variables | Hypertension | Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 42 (47.7) | 163 (55.4) | Reference | |
| Male | 46 (52.3) | 131 (44.6) | 1.36 (0.84, 2.20) | 0.204 |
| Age category (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 12 (13.6) | 41 (13.9) | Reference | |
| 25–34 | 29 (32.9) | 105 (35.7) | 0.94 (0.44, 2.02) | 0.882 |
| 35–44 | 25 (28.4) | 96 (32.7) | 0.89 (0.41, 1.94) | 0.769 |
| 45–54 | 18 (20.5) | 41 (13.9) | 1.5 (0.64, 3.51) | 0.349 |
| 55 and above | 4 (4.6) | 11 (3.7) | 1.24 (0.33, 4.62) | 0.746 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 24 (27.3) | 96 (32.8) | Reference | |
| Married | 36 (40.9) | 122 (41.6) | 1.18 (0.66, 2.11) | 0.576 |
| Divorced | 11 (12.5) | 36 (12.3) | 1.22b(0.54, 2.75) | 0.627 |
| Widowed | 17 (19.3) | 39 (13.3) | 1.74 (0.85, 3.60) | 0.132 |
| Family income | ||||
| Low (less than 1500 ETB) | 45 (51.1) | 150 (51.0) | Reference | |
| Low-middle (1500–3500) | 30 (34.1) | 95 (32.3) | 1.05 (0.62, 1.79) | 0.849 |
| Middle (3501–5000) | 4 (4.6) | 28 (9.5) | 0.48 (0.16, 1.43) | 0.186 |
| Middle-high (greater than 5000) | 9 (10.2) | 21 (7.1) | 1.43 (0.61, 3.34) | 0.410 |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 61 (69.3) | 236 (80.3) | Reference | |
| Rural | 27 (30.7) | 58 (19.7) | 1.80 (1.05, 3.08) | 0.032 |
| Duration on HAART | ||||
| Less than 24 months | 38 (43.2) | 133 (45.2) | Reference | |
| 24 months and above | 50 (56.8) | 161 (54.8) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.76) | 0.734 |
| HAART regimen change | ||||
| No | 27 (30.7) | 56 (19.1) | Reference | |
| Yes | 61 (69.3) | 238 (80.9) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.91) | 0.021 |
| Current HAART regimen* | ||||
| AZT/3TC/DTG | 24 (27.3) | 95 (32.3) | Reference | |
| AZT/3TC/EFV | 28 (31.8) | 72 (24.5) | 1.54 (0.82, 2.88) | 0.176 |
| TDF/3TC/DTG | 21 (23.9) | 73 (24.8) | 1.14 (0.53, 2.27) | 0.700 |
| TDF/3TC/EFV | 15 (17.0) | 54 (18.4) | 1.10 (0.53, 2.27) | 0.798 |
| Adherence to HAART | ||||
| No | 28 (31.8) | 70 (23.8) | Reference | |
| Yes | 60 (68.2) | 224 (76.2) | 0.67 (0.40, 1.13) | 0.133 |
| Family of history of NCDs** | ||||
| No | 71 (80.7) | 205 (69.7) | Reference | |
| Yes | 9 (10.2) | 45 (15.3) | 0.58 (0.27, 1.24) | 0.159 |
| I do not know | 8 (9.1) | 44 (15.0) | 0.52 (0.24, 1.17) | 0.114 |
| Recent viral load, copies/mL | ||||
| Less than 600 | 17 (19.3) | 70 (23.8) | Reference | |
| 600–999 | 57 (64.8) | 188 (63.9) | 1.25 (0.68, 2.29) | 0.474 |
| 1000 and above | 14 (15.9) | 36 (12.2) | 1.60 (0.71, 3.61) | 0.257 |
| Opportunistic infections | ||||
| No | 41 (46.6) | 176 (60.1) | Reference | |
| Yes | 47 (53.4) | 117 (39.9) | 1.72 (1.07, 2.79) | 0.026 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| Underweight (less than 18.5) | 3 (3.4) | 23 (7.8) | Reference | |
| Normal (18.5–24.99) | 37 (42.0) | 168 (57.1) | 1.69 (0.48, 5.92) | 0.413 |
| Pre-obese (25–29.99) | 24 (27.3) | 65 (22.1) | 2.83 (0.78, 10.29) | 0.114 |
| Obese (30 and above) | 24 (27.3) | 38 (12.9) | 4.84 (1.31, 17.89) | 0.018 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Not Active | 37 (42.0) | 130 (44.2) | Reference | |
| Active | 51 (58.0) | 164 (55.8) | 1.09 (0.67, 1.77) | 0.719 |
| Tobacco smoking | ||||
| Do not smoke | 81 (92.0) | 271 (92.2) | Reference | |
| Current smoker | 3 (3.4) | 18 (6.1) | 0.56 (0.16, 1.94) | 0.359 |
| Past smoker | 4 (4.6) | 5 (1.7) | 2.68 (0.70, 10.2) | 0.149 |
Notes: *Current HAART regimen; **NCDs: Non-Communicable Diseases.
Abbreviations: AZT, Zidovudine; 3TC, Lamivudine; DTG, Dolutegravir; EFV, Efavirenz; and TDF, Tenofovir.