Table 2.
Substrate concentrations that resulted in substantial BKA production in culture media.
| Substrate Concentration a | Medium Type b | Culture Medium Formulation | Initial Bacterial Population (Log CFU/g or Log CFU/mL) | Bacterial Growth When the Substrate Exceeds the Concentration Range c | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Between 0 and 10% glycerol | Wet | Coconut culture medium: prepared from water-pressed desiccated coconut with a final pH 6.9 | 5.96 | + | [64] |
| Lower than 4% glucose | 4.54 | + | |||
| Lower than 0.8% garlic powder | 4.64 | Unknown | |||
| Lower than 0.6% onion power | 5.27 | Unknown | |||
| Lower than 0.8% capsicum power | 3.64 | Unknown | |||
| Lower than 0.6% turmeric power | 5.27 | Unknown | |||
| Lower than 2% NaCl and pH value higher than 4.5 (adjusted using acetic acid) | 5.78 to 7.04 | − | [29] | ||
| Higher than 10% coconut fat | Dry | Defatted rich coconut medium: prepared from water-blended fresh coconut meat with lipid content extracted | 8.95 | + | [9] |
| 3.31 mmol/g oleic acid | Wet | + | |||
| Higher than 40% lauric acid | Dry | + |
a: The concentration of a certain substrate at which substantial bongkrekic acid production was detected; b: The type of medium (wet or dry) used for calculating the substrate concentration; c +: apparent bacterial growth was observed, −: no apparent bacterial growth, Unknown: the bacterial growth was not measured or mentioned in the culture media.