Table 2.
FLAVONOIDS | Ep1/V | Ep2/V | pH | SUBSTITUENTS | REF | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3C | 5A | 7A | 2′ | 3′ | 4′ | 5′ | ||||||
FLAVONES | Apigenin | 0.68/0.82 | 0.99 | 4.3 | H | OH | OH | H | H | OH | H | [24,25,26,27] |
Acacetin | – | 0.98 | 4.3 | H | OH | OH | H | H | OCH3 | H | [25] | |
Luteolin | 0.40 | 1.05 | 4.0 | H | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [28,29,30,31] | |
Orientin | 0.25 | 0.83 | 7.0 | H | OH | OH | O-sugar | OH | OH | O-sugar | [32] | |
Diosmin | 0.70 | 1.08 | 4.0 | H | OH | O-sugar | H | OH | OCH3 | H | [33,34] | |
Diosmetin | 0.68 | 1.06 | 4.0 | H | OH | OH | H | OH | OCH3 | H | [34] | |
Isorhoifolin | 0.65 | 1.10 | 5.0 | H | OH | O-sugar | H | H | OH | H | [34] | |
Linarin | – | 1.10 | 5.0 | H | OH | O-sugar | H | H | OCH3 | H | [34] | |
Chrysin | – | 1.05 | 4.0 | H | OH | OH | H | H | H | H | [24,35,36] | |
FLAVANONES | Eriodictyol | 0.25 | 0.83 | 7.0 | H | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [32] |
Hesperitin | 0.52 | 1.00 | 7.0 | H | OH | OH | H | OH | OCH3 | H | [37] | |
Hesperidin | 0.65 | – | 5.0 | H | OH | O-sugar | H | OH | OCH3 | H | [38] | |
Naringenin | 0.71 | 0.95 | 7.0 | H | OH | OH | H | H | OH | H | [37] | |
Naringin | 0.39 | – | 5.0 | H | OH | O-sugar | H | H | OH | H | [38,39] | |
FLAVONOLS | Myricetin | 0.30 | – | 3.6 | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | OH | [38,40] |
Quercetin | 0.20 | 0.4 | 7.0 | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [37,38,41,42,43,44] | |
Rutin | 0.40 | 1.06 | 4.0 | O-sugar | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [24,38,45,46,47] | |
Quercetrin | 0.32 | – | 5.0 | O-sugar | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [38,48] | |
Fisetin | 0.35 | – | 5.0 | OH | H | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [38,44,49,50] | |
Rhamnetin | 0.30 | – | 4.5 | OH | OH | OCH3 | H | OH | OH | H | [38] | |
Isorhamnetin | 0.36 | 1.15 | 4.0 | OH | OH | OCH3 | H | OH | OH | H | [44,51] | |
Morin | 0.44 | 0.98 | 4.0 | OH | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | H | [24,44,52,53,54,55] | |
Kaempferol | 0.45 | – | 3.6 | OH | OH | OH | H | H | OH | H | [40,44,56] | |
Galangin | 0.50 | – | 5.0 | OH | OH | OH | H | H | H | H | [24,38] | |
Robinin | 0.75 | 0.95 | 7.0 | O-sugar | OH | O-sugar | H | OH | H | H | [32] | |
FLAVANONOLS | Taxifolin | 0.39 | 1.03 | 4.0 | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [35] |
FLAVANOLS | Catechin | 0.28 | 0.61 | 7.0 | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [37,57,58,59] |
Epicatechin | 0.21 | 0.60 | 7.0 | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [37] | |
Epicatechin gallate | 0.45 | 0.87 | 2.0 | gall | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [60] | |
Epigallotechin gallate | 0.38 | 0.89 | 2.0 | gall | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | OH | [61] | |
ISOFLAVONOIDS | Genistein | 0.48 | 0.67 | 7.0 | H (2C) | OH | OH | H | H | OH | H | [25,26] |
Biochanin | – | 0.69 | 7.0 | H (2C) | OH | OH | H | H | OCH3 | H | [26] | |
Daidzein | 0.50 | 0.72 | 7.0 | H (2C) | H | OH | H | H | OH | H | [26] | |
ANTHOCYANIDINS | Cyanidin | 0.40 | 0.82 | 4.5 | OH | OH | OH | H | OH | OH | H | [62] |
Malvidin | 0.49 | 0.85 | 4.5 | OH | OH | OH | H | OCH3 | OH | OCH3 | [62] | |
Peonidin | 0.35 | 0.82 | 4.5 | OH | OH | OH | H | OCH3 | OH | H | [62] | |
Petunidin | 0.040 | 0.85 | 4.5 | OH | OH | OH | H | OCH3 | OH | OH | [62] |