Figure 4.

Octopamine feeding rescues the climbing speed phenotype of male and female Clk^out mutants. Three weeks of octopamine (OA) feeding improved climbing speed of Clk^out mutants, while exercise training provided no additive benefits. Exercise training did not rescue climbing of Clk^out mutants in the absence of OA. Similar results were seen in both male and female mutants (B,D). w¹¹¹⁸ male controls showed improved climbing speed in response to exercise training or to OA feeding, and training did not have additive benefits with OA feeding in males (A). w¹¹¹⁸ females did not show any improvements in response to training but did show significant improvements with OA feeding, consistent with previous results [38] (C). Age had a significant effect on climbing speed in all groups (p < 0.0001 for main effect of age) and had a significant interaction with exercise in w¹¹¹⁸ males (p = 0.0053), and a significant interaction with OA feeding in all but w¹¹¹⁸ males (Clk^out males p = 0.002, Clk^out females p < 0.0001, w¹¹¹⁸ females p < 0.0001). n = 5 vials of 20 flies each, two-way ANOVA and three-way ANOVA, lines represent linear regression. * p < 0.05, ns is not significant.