Table 3.

Summary of selected prospective or large retrospective studies on PT for LGG patients.

First Author, Year	Design	Patients	Main Inclusion Criteria	Median Follow-Up (Years)	Outcomes	Toxicity
Shih, 2015 [16]	Prospective single-arm	20	LGG WHO grade 2 ≥19 years of age No baseline cognitive deficits to compromise neurocognitive assessment No prior cranial irradiation	5.1	PFS at 3 years 85%, at 5 years 40%	No changes in QoL, cognitive function Baseline neurocognitive impairment in 8 patients New endocrine dysfunction in 6 patients
Greenberger, 2014 [13]	Retrospective database	32	LGG WHO 1 and 2 Location in brain or spinal cord ≤21 years of age	7.6	PFS at 6 years 89.7%, at 8-year 82.8% OS at 8 years 100%	No significant declines in neurocognition Subgroup analysis indicated significant neurocognitive decline for young children (<7 years) and those with higher dose to the left temporal lobe/hippocampus
Indelicato, 2019 [29]	Prospective single-arm	174	LGG WHO 1 and 2 Location in brain or spinal cord ≤21 years of age	4.4	5-year actuarial local control 85% 5-year actuarial PFS 84% 5-year actuarial OS 92%	4% of patients with serious toxicities, including brainstem necrosis requiring corticosteroids, symptomatic vasculopathy, radiation retinopathy, epilepsy, and death from radiation-induced high-grade glioma Central hormone deficiency in 39 patients