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. 2023 Nov 6;15(21):4701. doi: 10.3390/nu15214701

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of the interventions with EcN and EcoR12 EVs on the main spleen lymphocyte subsets. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes isolated from spleen samples on the last day of the experimental period (day 16). The analyzed populations were: (A) Th cells (TCRαβ+ CD4+ NK−), Tc cells (TCRαβ+ CD8+ NK−), NKT cells (TCRαβ+ NK+, classified in CD8+ and CD8− subsets), and NK cells (TCRαβ− NK+, classified in CD8+ and CD8− subsets). (B) B cells (CD45RA+) and the T subset population expressing the receptor TCR-1 (TCRγδ+, classified in CD8+ and CD8− subsets). (C) Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+). Abbreviations: Th, T-helper; Tc, T-cytotoxic; NK, natural killer; NKT, natural killer T; Treg, regulatory T cells. Representative dot plots for the three experimental groups (control, EcN EVs, and EcoR12 EVs) are shown for the analysis of each lymphocyte subtype gate. The percentage of positive cells is indicated in each quadrant or box. Results, presented in bar diagrams, are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 12/group). Statistical differences: * p < 0.05 compared to the control (by post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison test).

Effect of the interventions with EcN and EcoR12 EVs on the main spleen lymphocyte subsets. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes isolated from spleen samples on the last day of the experimental period (day 16). The analyzed populations were: (A) Th cells (TCRαβ+ CD4+ NK−), Tc cells (TCRαβ+ CD8+ NK−), NKT cells (TCRαβ+ NK+, classified in CD8+ and CD8− subsets), and NK cells (TCRαβ− NK+, classified in CD8+ and CD8− subsets). (B) B cells (CD45RA+) and the T subset population expressing the receptor TCR-1 (TCRγδ+, classified in CD8+ and CD8− subsets). (C) Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+). Abbreviations: Th, T-helper; Tc, T-cytotoxic; NK, natural killer; NKT, natural killer T; Treg, regulatory T cells. Representative dot plots for the three experimental groups (control, EcN EVs, and EcoR12 EVs) are shown for the analysis of each lymphocyte subtype gate. The percentage of positive cells is indicated in each quadrant or box. Results, presented in bar diagrams, are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 12/group). Statistical differences: * p < 0.05 compared to the control (by post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison test).