Table 4.
Clinically relevant activities at optimal doses for C15:0 (FA15,17 µM), rapamycin (9 µM), and metformin (5000 µM) among 12 primary human cell systems mimicking various disease states. Based on the accepted BioMAP procedures, biomarker activities were considered significant when the biomarker measurement was outside of the significance envelope and had an effect size ≥20% (|log10 ratio| ≥ 0.1) compared to non-treated control systems. Up arrows indicate that the measured biomarker was significantly higher than the significance envelope (higher than non-treated vehicle controls); down arrows indicate that the measured biomarker was significantly lower than the significance envelope (lower than non-treated vehicle controls).
| BioMAP Cell System | Disease Relevance | Significant Activities on Clinically Relevant Biomarkers at Each Compound’s Optimal Dose |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C15:0 (FA15) | Rapamycin | Metformin | ||
| Optimal Dose | 17 µM | 9 µM | 5000 µM | |
| 3C | Cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation | ↓ MCP-1, ↓ HLA-DR, ↓ SRB ↓ endothelial cell proliferation, ↑ thrombomodulin, ↓ IL-8 |
↓ MCP-1, ↓ HLA-DR, ↓ SRB ↓ endothelial cell proliferation, ↓ VCAM-1, ↓ uPAR |
↓ HLA-DR, ↓ uPAR, ↓ IL-8 |
| 4H | Autoimmunity, allergy, asthma | ↓ eotaxin-3, ↓ VEGFR | ↓ MCP-1, ↓ SRB | ↓ P-selectin |
| LPS | Chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disease | ↓ MCP-1, ↓ VCAM-1, ↑ tissue factor, ↓ CD40, ↓ SRB ↓ CD69, ↑ thrombomodulin, ↓ IL-1α |
↓ MCP-1, ↓ VCAM-1, ↑ tissue factor, ↓ CD40, ↓ SRB ↓ M-CSF, ↑ PGE2, |
↓ MCP-1, ↓ CD40, ↓ CD69, ↑ IL-1α, ↑ PGE2, ↑ TNFα |
| SAg | Chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease | ↓ CD38, ↓ CD40, ↓ CD69, ↓ T cell proliferation, ↓ SRB |
↓ CD38, ↓ CD40, ↓ T cell proliferation, ↓ SRB, ↓ MCP-1 |
↓ CD38, ↓ CD40, ↓ T cell proliferation, ↓ CD69, ↓ IL-8 |
| BT | Asthma, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy | ↓ sIgG, ↓ sIL-17A, ↓ sIL-17F, ↓ TNFα |
↓ sIgG, ↓ sIL-17A, ↓ sIL-17F, ↓ TNFα, ↓ B cell proliferation, ↓ sIL-2, ↓ sIL-6 |
↓ sIgG, ↓ TNFα, ↓ sIL-6 |
| BF4T | Fibrosis, lung inflammation, asthma, allergy | None | ↓ tPA, ↓ VCAM-1 | ↓ tPA, ↓ MCP-1, ↓ eotaxin-3, ↓ IL-8, ↓ MMP-3, ↓ MMP-9 |
| BE3C | COPD, lung inflammation | ↓ PAI-I, ↓ tPA | ↓ PAI-I, ↑ MMP-1 | ↓ tPA, ↓ IL-8, ↓ HLA-DR, ↓ MMP-9 |
| CASM3C | Cardiovascular inflammation, restenosis | ↓ HLA-DR, ↓ VCAM-1, ↓ thrombomodulin, ↓ tissue factor |
↓ HLA-DR, ↓ uPAR, ↓ coronary artery proliferation |
None |
| HDF3CGF | Fibrosis, chronic inflammation | ↓ PAI-I, ↓ fibroblast proliferation, ↓ MCP-1, ↓ VCAM-1, ↓ IP-10, ↓ I-TAC, ↓ MIG |
↓ PAI-I, ↓ fibroblast proliferation, ↓ EGFR | ↓ VCAM-1, ↓ collagen-III |
| KF3CT | Dermatitis, psoriasis | ↓ PAI-I | ↓ PAI-I | None |
| MyoF | Wound healing, matrix remodeling, fibrosis, chronic inflammation | ↓ VCAM-1, ↓ collagen-I, ↓ collagen-III, ↑ collagen-IV, ↓ decorin, ↓ TIMP-1 |
↓ VCAM-1, ↑ IL-8 | None |
| /Mphg | Chronic inflammation, restenosis, cardiovascular disease | ↓ sIL-10, ↓ CD40, ↑ MIP-1α, ↑ E-selectin, ↓ CD69 |
↓ sIL-10, ↓ E-selectin | ↓ E-selectin, ↓ MCP-1, ↓ IL-8 |