Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis for the risk of CKD progression.
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age > 60 | 1.199 (0.921–1.559) |
0.177 | 2.320 (1.312–4.100) |
0.004 |
| Female gender | 1.229 (0.947–1.596) |
0.121 | 1.610 (00966–2.686) |
0.068 |
| DM duration ≥ 10 years | 2.041 (1.561–2.669) |
<0.001 | 1.482 (0.780–2.523) |
0.148 |
| HbA1c ≥ 7.0% | 1.651 (1.247–2.186) |
<0.001 | 0.986 (0.587–1.674) |
0.957 |
| Calcium | 0.570 (0.450–0.721) |
<0.001 | 1.543 (0.864–2.754) |
0.142 |
| Phosphorus | 0.822 (0.667–1.014) |
0.068 | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.997–1.003) |
0.928 | ||
| Hemoglobin < 10 g/dL | 3.101 (1.955–4.920) |
<0.001 | 1.540 (0.424–5.595) |
0.512 |
| SBP | 1.004 (0.996–1.012) |
0.328 | ||
| DBP | 1.001 (0.998–1.013) |
0.921 | ||
| Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.991 (0.985–0.997) |
0.003 | 1.025 (1.010–1.040) |
0.001 |
| Presence of proteinuria | 15.958 (7.125–35.744) |
<0.001 | 20.311 (6.904–59.750) |
<0.001 |
| Use of ACEI or ARB | 1.781 (1.424–2.153) |
<0.001 | 2.004 (1.171–3.428) |
0.011 |
| GNRI Q1 vs. Q2,3,4 | 3.146 (2.364–4.187) |
<0.001 | 2.526 (1.156–5.521) |
0.020 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.