Table 1.
Biological activity of secondary metabolites isolated from Hericium erinaceus.
| Components | Biological Activities | Tests | Test Cell Lines/Organisms | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erinacine A | induced 250.1 ± 36.2 pg/mL NGF synthesis *; | In vitro | mouse astroglial cells | [40] |
| enhanced neurotrophin production (increased NGF mRNA) | 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells | [41] | ||
| Erinacine B | induced 129.7 ± 6.5 pg/mL NGF synthesis *; | In vitro | mouse astroglial cells | [40] |
| enhanced neurotrophin production (increased NGF mRNA) | 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells | [41] | ||
| Erinacine C | induced 299.1 ± 59.6 pg/mL NGF synthesis *; | In vitro | mouse astroglial cells | [40] |
| enhanced neurotrophin production (increased NGF mRNA, increased BDNF mRNA); | 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells | [41] | ||
| preventing neuroinflammation (reduced NO, IL-6, and TNF-α, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and phosphorylation of IκBα) | BV2 microglial cells | [42] | ||
| Erinacine D | induced 141.5 ± 18.2 pg/mL NGF synthesis * | In vitro | rat astroglial cells | [43] |
| Erinacine E | induced 105 ± 5.2 pg/mL NGF synthesis *; | In vitro | rat astroglial cells | [44] |
| enhanced neurotrophin production | 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells | [41] | ||
| Erinacine F | induced 175 ± 52 pg/mL NGF synthesis * | In vitro | rat astroglial cells | [44] |
| Erinacine H | induced 31.5 ± 1.7 pg/mL NGF synthesis * | In vitro | rat astroglial cells | [45] |
| Erinacine P | significant neurite outgrowth-promoting effects | In vitro | PC12 cells | [46] |
| Erinacine S | neurite outgrowth of primary neurons from both the CNS and PNS are significantly enhanced | In vitro | Mouse cortical neuron cultures Rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cultures |
[82] |
| Erinacine T | significant neurite outgrowth-promoting effects | In vitro | PC12 cells | [46] |
| Erinacine U | ||||
| Erinacine V | ||||
| Erinacine W (non-natural analogue) | stimulated neurite outgrowth | In vitro | PC12 cells | [47] |
| Erinacine X (non-natural analogue) | ||||
| Erinacine Y (non-natural analogue) | ||||
| Erinacicne ZA (non-natural analogue) | ||||
| Erinacine Z1 | increased NGF mRNA | In vitro | 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells | [41] |
| Hericenone A | cytotoxicity | In vitro | HeLa cells | [83] |
| Hericenone C | induced 23.5 ± 1.0 pg/mL NGF synthesis * | In vitro | mouse astroglial cells | [48] |
| Hericenone D | induced 10.08 ± 0.8 pg/mL NGF synthesis * | |||
| Hericenone E | induced 13.9 ± 2.1 pg/mL NGF synthesis *; | mouse astroglial cells | [48] | |
| NGF-induced neurite outgrowth | PC12 cells | [35] | ||
| Hericenone F | reduced NO generation-anti-inflammatory effect | In vitro | RAW264.7 cells | [49] |
| Hericenone H | induced 45.1 ± 1.1 pg/mL NGF synthesis * | In vitro | mouse astroglial cells | [84] |
| 3-Hydroxyhericenone F | protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress | In vitro | culture medium of Neuro2a cells | [85] |
| Hericerin Isohericerinol A |
increase of the NGF level in a dose-dependent manner; | In vitro | C6 glioma cells | [86] |
| Isohericerinol A Corallocin A |
increased the expression of BDNF protein | |||
| Erinacene D | inhibited the induction of iNOS and ICAM-1 mRNA; suppress TNFα–induced NF-κB transcriptional activity |
In vitro | HaCaT cells | [87] |
| 3,4-Dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(40-methyl-20-oxo-30-pentyl)-9(7H)-oxo-2h-furo[3,4-h]benzopyran | exhibited high neurite outgrowth-promoting activity | In vitro | PC12 cells | [39] |
| DLPE (dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine) | protection against neuronal cell death caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress | In vitro | Neuro2a cells | [38] |
* The amounts of NGF secreted into the culture medium.