Table 2.
Results of ML models performance metrics for BC metastasis prediction.
| Model | Accuracy | F1 Score | Precision | Recall | AUC | Brier Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LightGBM | 96 | 96.8 | 100 | 93.8 | 99.3 | 0.024 |
| CatBoost | 84 | 86.7 | 92.9 | 81.2 | 85.1 | 0.057 |
| XGBoost | 92 | 93.8 | 93.8 | 93.8 | 97.9 | 0.026 |
| GBT | 80 | 82.8 | 92.3 | 75 | 94.4 | 0.081 |
| AdaBoost | 88 | 90.9 | 88.2 | 93.8 | 93.1 | 0.077 |
LightGBM: light gradient boosting machine; CatBoost: categorical boosting; XGBoost: extreme gradient boosting; GBT: gradient boosting tree; AdaBoost: Ada boosting; AUC: area under the curve.