Table 3.

Generalized linear models with child relationship status, support, and strain predicting epigenetic aging.

	Horvath			Hannum			PhenoAge			GrimAge			DunedinPoAm38
Model	β	b(SE)	p	β	b(SE)	p	β	b(SE)	p	β	b(SE)	p	β	b(SE)	p
Child status (has a child)
Model 1	−0.022	−0.653 (0.413)	0.12	−0.021	−0.582 (0.286)	0.047	−0.020	0.627 (0.406)	0.13	−0.022	−0.588 (0.292)	0.0496	−0.026	−0.007 (0.006)	0.24
Model 2	0.023	−0.684 (0.427)	0.12	−0.020	−0.570 (0.310)	0.07	0.024	−0.725 (0.415)	0.09	−0.022	−0.583 (0.240)	0.02	−0.025	−0.007 (0.005)	0.20
Child support
Model 1	−0.012	−0.156 (0.214)	0.47	−0.012	−0.144 (0.159)	0.37	−0.035	−0.464 (0.201)	0.03*	−0.034	−0.389 (0.120)	0.002*	−0.063	−0.008 (0.003)	0.003*
Model 2	−0.010	−0.124 (0.216)	0.57	−0.008	−0.102 (0.158)	0.52	−0.029	−0.390 (0.203)	0.06	−0.022	−0.247 (0.107)	0.03	−0.046	−0.006 (0.002)	0.01
Child strain
Model 1	0.014	0.213 (0.187)	0.26	0.012	0.163 (0.151)	0.28	0.032	0.493 (0.283)	0.09	0.024	0.319 (0.136)	0.02	0.044	0.006 (0.003)	0.02
Model 2	0.011	0.163 (0.190)	0.40	0.006	0.085 (0.144)	0.56	0.024	0.373 (0.291)	0.21	0.005	0.063 (0.110)	0.57	0.015	0.002 (0.002)	0.39

Note, b = unstandardized coefficient. Bold font denotes statistically significant associations. Asterisks indicate statistically significant associations following false discovery rate correction. Model 1 adjusts for chronological age, biological sex, and self-identified race/ethnicity. Model 2 adjusts for Model 1 variables as well as educational attainment, body mass index category, smoking status, and alcohol use. The sample size for the child status models is n = 3,676 (Model 1) and n = 3,602 (Model 2), for the child support models is n = 3,306, and for the child strain models is n = 3,314.