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. 2023 Nov 15;9(46):eadh1110. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1110

Fig. 6. Chemogenetic activation of LIMK1 improves the hippocampal-dependent memory in vivo.

Fig. 6.

(A to C) The protein levels of LIMK1, pT508-LIMK1, cofilin, and pS3-cofilin in the hippocampus of young adult and old mice. *P < 0.05; Statistics by two-tailed Student’s t test. (D) The experimental procedure for the timing of viral injection. AAV-CaMKIIα-uniRapR-LIMK1-EGFP was injected into behaviorially tested mice before a new round of the tests, after which they were subsequently sacrified. IF, immunofluorescence; WB, Western blotting. (E) The positions of the objects during the training and the test phases. (F) Preference index (PI) in Novel Object Recognition (NOR) experiments of mock (blue line) and AAV-uniRapR-LIMK1 (red line) animals plotted with days of the experimental procedures shown in (D). Cyan and yellow rectangles indicate the timing of intranasal treatment with vehicle (Veh) or rapamycin (Rap), respectively. *P < 0.05. Statistics by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni’s post hoc test. (G) Analyses of PI in NOR experiments of each animal before (−) and after (+) intranasal Rap treatment (mock: blue circles; AAV-uniRapR-LIMK1: red circles; cumulative mean values are shown in magenta). AAV-uniRapR-LIMK1–infected mice intranasally treated with Rap explored the new object related to the familiar one significantly more, compared to the mock-infected animals intranasally treated with Rap. ***P < 0.001; statistics by paired Student’s t test. (H) A schematic for the position of the objects in object place recognition (OPR) experiments. (I) PI in OPR experiments plotted with days of the experimental procedures shown in (D). Cyan and yellow rectangles indicate the timing of intranasal treatment with Veh or Rap, respectively. *P < 0.05; statistics by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with the Bonferroni’s post hoc test. (J) Preference index in OPR experiments of each animal before (−) and after (+) intranasal Rap injection (AAV-EGFP: green circles; AAV-uniRapR-LIMK1: red circles; cumulative mean values: magenta). ***P < 0.001; statistics by paired Student’s t test. Data in (B), (C), (F), (G), (I), and (J) are expressed as mean ± SEM. ns, not significant.