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. 2023 Aug 15;21(12):2611–2624. doi: 10.1111/pbi.14157

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Tectorigenin and tectoridin show phytopathogen resistance and antifeeding activity. (a) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) strain HGA4, X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strain PXO99, and Rhizoctonia solani strain YWK196 were grown for 48 h on medium containing DMSO, tectorigenin, or tectoridin at the indicated concentrations. (b) Migration distances of the HGA4, PXO99, and YWK196 on medium containing tectorigenin and tectoridin after 48 h of growth (N = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences between the DMSO and treatment groups (ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001). (c) Lesion growth on rice leaf sheaths pretreated with DMSO control or 300 μm of either compound for 48 h after inoculation with R. solani strain YWK196 (N = 8; ns, not significant; *P < 0.05). The middle line represents the median. Lower and upper hinges correspond to the first (Q1) and third (Q3) quartiles. The lower whisker extends to Q1 − 1.5 × IOR (where IOR is the interquartile range) and the upper whisker extends to Q3 + 1.5 × IOR. Outliers are shown as solid data points. (d) Antifeeding activity experiment with third‐instar Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Representative consumed leaf discs after 48 h of feeding are shown. (e) Left, percentage of consumed leaf area after 48 h of feeding by the larvae (N = 15; ns, not significant; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Right, larval weight after 72 h of feeding on food premixed with 100 μm of each test compound (N = 15; final concentration = 0.4 μmol/g; ns, not significant; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). (f) Representative S. frugiperda larvae fed with food that was premixed with the tested compounds.