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. 2023 Oct 17;9(11):e21094. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21094

Table 3.

Descriptive statistics for pre-covid-19 period.

d_csp500 d_cspe35 d_cspa d_sps5 d_spes35 d_spas d_vix d_ovx d_gvz d_soil d_sgold
Mean 0.048 0.022 0.018 0.049 0.034 0.035 −0.029 −0.004 −0.025 −0.013 0.012
Median 0.059 0.052 0.055 0.062 0.063 0.058 −0.497 −0.356 −0.425 0.039 0.024
Max. 5.693 4.446 4.785 6.072 3.706 4.529 76.825 42.497 48.073 12.07 4.693
Min. −6.896 −7.081 −5.159 −6.042 −5.053 −5.638 −31.41 −43.991 −30.69 −10.64 −8.876
Std. Dev. 0.909 0.990 0.864 0.915 0.906 0.992 7.694 4.909 5.366 2.022 0.964
Skew. −0.484 −0.448 −0.471 −0.403 −0.322 −0.248 1.122 1.027 0.894 0.027 −0.579
Kurtosis 8.132 6.785 6.216 7.377 5.601 4.966 10.068 13.155 9.589 6.021 8.882
Jarque-Bera 2703.246 1499.637 1112.942 1963.136 712.012 407.67 5451.8 10639.830 4620.959 904.935 3561.987
Prob. 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000

Source: Prepared by Authors