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. 2023 Oct 29;9(11):e21761. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21761

Table 2.

Comparison of physical activity level, dietary habits, and anthropometric and, cardiorespiratory fitness parameters at T0 vs T1, T2, T3, and T4, along with their percent changes at T1, T2, T3, and T4 vs T0.

Mean ± SD (T0) Mean ± SD (T1) Mean ± SD (T2) Mean ± SD (T3) Mean ± SD (T4) % of change
T1 vs T0
% of change
T2 vs T0
% of change
T3 vs T0
% of change
T4 vs T0
Body weight (kg) 67.58 ± 11.51 66.82 ± 10.73 67.10 ± 11.43 67.44 ± 11.85 68.16 ± 10.90 −1.13 % −0.70 % −0.21 % 0.85 %
BMI (kg/m2) 26.17 ± 4.97 25.69 ± 4.62* 26.07 ± 4.77 26.00 ± 5.05 26.24 ± 4.73 −1.83 % −0.37 % −0.65 % 0.28 %
Waist Circumference (cm) 85.36 ± 11.37 85.00 ± 10.69 82.40 ± 10.99* 86.00 ± 12.36 85.64 ± 11.29 0.30 % −3.46 % 0.75 % 0.33 %
Fat mass (%) 21.73 ± 8.08 21.12 ± 7.50 21.77 ± 8.40 21.97 ± 8.86 23.05 ± 8.01* −2.81 % 0.17 % 1.13 % 6.10 %
V˙ O2max(mL·min−1kg−1) 30.50 ± 5.65 33.92 ± 6.44*** 33.88 ± 6.38*** 32.70 ± 5.89** 32.65 ± 5.46** 11.21 % 11.08 % 7.19 % 7.04 %
PAL (MET-min/week) 1.39 ± 0.24 1.42 ± 0.24 1.34 ± 0.27 1.41 ± 0.27 1.33 ± 0.21* 1.93 % −3.72 % 1.22 % −4.51 %
Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MeDiet Score DianaWeB) 6.72 ± 1.85 7.93 ± 2.01*** 8.24 ± 1.93*** 8.31 ± 1.87*** 7.97 ± 1.36** 17.95 % 22.62 % 23.69 % 18.62 %

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; V˙ O2max, maximal oxygen uptake; PAL, physical activity level; T0, baseline; after 3 (T1); 6 (T2); 12 (T3), and 24 (T4) months after the lifestyle intervention; bold values denote statistical significance with a p < 0.05 (*); p < 0.01 (**); or p < 0.001 (***).