Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Mar 16;45(4):2511–2523. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00771-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Aging Association 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — Mendelian randomization analysis estimates. Effect sizes (beta) and 95% confidence intervals of the associations between FFS and significantly causally associated traits are provided (based on MR-IVW method)