Table 2.
Summary of the anthocyanins (ACN) content reported in sources cited in this review.
| Source | ACN | Min | Max | Average | Dry average | % | Phenol-Explorer average | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caucasian Whortleberry tablets, | DpGlu | 3.25 | (36) | |||||
| Vaccinium arctostaphylos, | PtGlu | 2.50 | ||||||
| mg/100 g FW | Mvglu | 4.00 | ||||||
| Dried strawberries, | PgGlu | 84.00 | 62.36 | (37) | ||||
| Fragaria x ananassa | PgRut | 9.00 | 1.32 | |||||
| % in ACN extract from five cultivars | CyGlu | 7.00 | 4.10 | |||||
| Dried Acai, | CyGlu | 4.94 | (38) | |||||
|
Euterpe oleraceae Mart., mg/100 g DW |
CyRut | 17.90 | ||||||
| Blueberries, Vaccinium repository |
MvGal/PtGlu | 5.50 | 84.10 | 39.10 | 21.43/11.2 | (39) | ||
| MvGlu/PtAra | 0.10 | 61.70 | 28.10 | 26.06/3.54 | ||||
| Data from 80 genotypes mg/100 g FW |
DpGlu/CyGal | 0.10 | 118.00 | 27.50 | 15.17/7.99 | |||
| DpGal | 0.90 | 62.80 | 25.60 | 16.14 | ||||
| PtGal/CyAra | 7.70 | 59.30 | 21.90 | 2.76/4.03 | ||||
| MvAra | 6.40 | 52.00 | 19.80 | 7.89 | ||||
| PtGlu | 1.40 | 38.20 | 16.60 | 11.20 | ||||
| CyGlu/DpAra | 5.20 | 39.10 | 15.80 | 7.50/7.32 | ||||
| PtAra/PnGal | 4.80 | 30.10 | 14.80 | 3.54/2.76 | ||||
| Ac | 0.10 | 34.00 | 11.60 | |||||
| Purple carrot, Daucus carota, mg/100 g FW |
CyXylGluGal | 1.30 | (40) | |||||
| CyXylGal | 12.50 | |||||||
| SinCyXylGluGal | 1.10 | |||||||
| FerCyXylGluGal | 18.20 | |||||||
| CouCyXylGluGal | 6.40 | |||||||
| Red grape/Bilberries juice, Vitis vinifera 80%, Vaccinium myrtillus 20% in 330 ml |
Pn | 189.21 | (41) | |||||
| Cy | 66.50 | |||||||
| Dp | 92.77 | |||||||
| Pt | 96.00 | |||||||
| Mv | 395.54 | |||||||
| Purple potato, Solanum tuberosum, % in DW |
CyCouRutGlu | 4.6 | 7.6 | 6.27 | (42) | |||
| PtCouRutGlu | 57 | 68.4 | 63.13 | |||||
| PgCouRutGlu | ND | 10.1 | 2.18 | |||||
| PnCouRutGlu | 11 | 15.9 | 13.22 | |||||
| PnFerRutGlu | 1 | 2.2 | 1.58 | |||||
| PtCafRutGlu | 3.5 | 6.1 | 4.67 | |||||
| PtFerRutGlu | 2.8 | 4.5 | 3.38 | |||||
| MvCouRutGlu | 1.3 | 4.8 | 2.77 | |||||
| Queen Garnet Plum, Prunus salicina Lindl. in 100 ml of juice |
CyGlu | 200.00 | (43) | |||||
| CyRut | 30.00 | |||||||
| Black raspberry capsules, Rubus occidentalis, mg/100 g DW |
Cy | 100.00 | (44) | |||||
| Pl | 4.00 | |||||||
| Proant | 19.50 | |||||||
| Black soybean, Glicine max, % in ACN extract |
CyGlu | 68.30 | (45) | |||||
| DpGlu | 25.50 | |||||||
| PtGlu | 6.50 | |||||||
| Chokeberries, Aronia melanocarpa, Content in 300 ml of juice + 3 g of powder |
CyGal | 647.00 | (46) | |||||
| CyGlu | 30.00 | |||||||
| CyAra | 310.00 | |||||||
| CyXyl | 26.00 | |||||||
| Proant | 745.00 | |||||||
| Red raspberries, Rubus ideus L., mg/100 g FW |
CyGlu | 45.42 | 14.89 | (47) | ||||
| PlGlu | 9.69 | 1.65 | ||||||
| DpGlu | 34.43 | 0.21 | ||||||
| Black currant, Ribes nigrum, data from 11 cultivars mg/100 g FW |
DpRut | 40.17 | 137.66 | 92.03 | 304.91 | (48) | ||
| DpGlu | 7.80 | 42.22 | 23.93 | 86.68 | ||||
| CyRut | 25.77 | 129.09 | 70.48 | 160.78 | ||||
| CyGlu | 0.58 | 20.82 | 7.72 | 25.07 | ||||
| Bilberries, Vaccinium myrtillus, % in Myrtocyan® extract |
DpAra | 4.32 | (49) | |||||
| DpGlu | 5.81 | |||||||
| DpGal | 5.04 | |||||||
| CyAra | 2.19 | |||||||
| CyGlu | 3.42 | |||||||
| CyGal | 2.75 | |||||||
| PnAra | 0.22 | |||||||
| PnGlu | 1.31 | 37.47 | ||||||
| PnGal | 0.34 | |||||||
| PtAra | 1.08 | |||||||
| PtGlu | 3.67 | |||||||
| PtGal | 1.89 | |||||||
| MvAra | 0.81 | |||||||
| MvGlu | 3.35 | |||||||
| MvGal | 1.27 | |||||||
| Delphinol® from maqui, Aristotelia chilensis, mg/100 g FW |
DpSamGlu | 46.40 | (50) | |||||
| DpDiGlu | 23.70 | |||||||
| CySamGlu/CyDiGlu | 18.70 | |||||||
| DpSam | 14.20 | |||||||
| DpGlu | 17.10 | |||||||
| CySam | 8.90 | |||||||
| CyGlu | 8.60 | |||||||
| Medox® from bilberries/blackcurrant, Vaccinium myrtillus and Ribes nigrum, % per capsule |
CyGlu | 11.00 | (51) | |||||
| CyGal | 11.00 | |||||||
| CyAra | 11.00 | |||||||
| DpGlu | 19.33 | |||||||
| DpGal | 19.33 | |||||||
| DpAra | 19.33 | |||||||
| PtGlu | 0.83 | |||||||
| PtGal | 0.83 | |||||||
| PtAra | 0.83 | |||||||
| PnGlu | 0.83 | |||||||
| PnGal | 0.83 | |||||||
| PnAra | 0.83 | |||||||
| MvGlu | 1.00 | |||||||
| MvGal | 1.00 | |||||||
| MvAra | 1.00 | |||||||
| CyRut | 0.50 | |||||||
| DpRut | 0.50 | |||||||
| Artemis int B0120034 from Elderberry, Sambucus nigra, Content per capsule |
Cy | 125.00 | (52) | |||||
| CherryActive® concentrate from Tart montmorency, Prunus cerasus, content in 30 ml of concentrate |
CySop | 2.20 | (53) | |||||
| CyGluRut | 105.70 | |||||||
| CyGlu | 1.70 | |||||||
| CyRut | 46.60 | |||||||
| PnGlu | 9.10 | |||||||
| Cy | 0.50 | |||||||
| Artemis Int 24198000 from chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, in 500 mg of extract |
CyGal | 6.27 | (54) | |||||
| CyAra | 2.31 | |||||||
| CyGlu | 1.12 | |||||||
| Proant | 23.40 | |||||||
| Ocean Spray cranberries, Vaccinium oxycoccus, in 450 ml of juice |
CyAra | 1.52 | 4.47 | (55) | ||||
| CyGal | 1.78 | 8.89 | ||||||
| CyGlu | 0.07 | 0.74 | ||||||
| PnAra | 0.80 | 9.61 | ||||||
| PnGal | 1.77 | 22.02 | ||||||
| PnGlu | 0.22 | 4.16 |
The “/” symbol in cited references means the chromatographic separation was not able to distinguish between both compounds; for Phenol-Explorer, reported values correspond to individual compounds. The first column indicates common and scientific names of the sources and units in which minimum (Min, 3rd column), maximum (Max, 4th column), and average (5th column) contents of single ACNs (2nd column) are expressed. The majority of contents are reported as mg/100 g of fresh weight; when contents were expressed as mg/100 g of dry weight or percentages of total ACNs, they were listed in 6th or 7th column, respectively. When available, contents reported in Phenol-Explorer were listed in the 8th column in the same units as the corresponding 3rd−8th column. The name of individual anthocyanins is formed by two letters for the aglycone part and three for the substituents in 3-O or 5-O position; further substituents to carbohydrate structure are also shown by three letters. Ac, Acylated anthocyanins; Cy, cyanidin; Dp, delphinidin; Mv, malvidin; Pg, pelargonidin; Pn, peonidin; Pt, petunidin; Ara, arabinoside; Gal, galactoside; Glu, glucoside; Rut, rutenoside; Sam, sambubioside; Sop, soporoside; Xyl, xyloside; Caf, caffeic acid; Cou, coumarinic acid; Fer, ferulic acid; Sin, sinapic acid; Proant, proanthocyanidins.