Integrin αvβ1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into cells
A. The 293T cells stably expressing human ACE2, integrin αv, integrin β1, or integrin αvβ1 were infected with mock (white), SARS-CoV-2 S-pseudotyped (red), and VSV-pseudotyped viruses (blue), respectively.
B. The 293T cells stably expressing human ACE2 (293T/hACE2) were transiently transfected with integrin αv, integrin β1, or integrin αvβ1, followed by infection of mock (white), SARS-CoV-2 S-pseudotyped viruses (red), and VSV-pseudotyped viruses (blue), respectively.
C. The NIH3T3 cells stably expressing human ACE2, integrin αv, integrin β1, or integrin αvβ1 were infected with mock (white), SARS-CoV-2 S-pseudotyped (red), and VSV-pseudotyped viruses (blue), respectively.
D. The NIH3T3 cells stably expressing human ACE2 (NIH3T3/hACE2) were transiently transfected with integrin αv, integrin β1, or integrin αvβ1, followed by infection of mock (white), SARS-CoV-2 S-pseudotyped viruses (red), and VSV-pseudotyped viruses (blue), respectively. The viral entry efficiency was measured by luciferase activity assay at 72 h post infection. Significant difference between the groups were determined by two-tailed unpaired t-test. ns: not significant, p > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Error bars indicate SD (n = 3).