Table 3.
Sensitivity Analyses. Association Between the Intervention and ACP Billing by step after Adjusting for Time, Patient Characteristics, and Hospital Characteristics. These Results Demonstrate the Heterogeneity of the Effect of the Intervention Across Steps. We Include Results from Additional Sensitivity and Secondary Analyses in the Appendix
| Variable | Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals | p value |
|---|---|---|
|
Model 1: Sensitivity analysis: association between the intervention and ACP billing by step of the trial [referent: pre-intervention period] | ||
| Overall effect allowing effect heterogeneity across the steps1 | < 0.001 | |
| Step 1 | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.74 |
| Step 2 | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) | 0.09 |
| Step 3 | 1.13 (0.97–1.33) | 0.11 |
| Step 4 | 0.66 (0.57–0.76) | < 0.001 |
| Step 5 | 0.95 (0.89–1.19) | 0.49 |
| Interaction effect2 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 2: Sensitivity analysis: association between the intervention and ACP billing by step of the trial after categorization of the post-intervention period into an early (≤ 90 days) and late phase (> 90 days) [referent: pre-intervention period] | ||
| Overall effect allowing effect heterogeneity across the steps1 | < 0.001 | |
| Step 1—early | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.62 |
| Step 1—late | 1.25 (1.02–1.53) | 0.03 |
| Step 2—early | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 0.30 |
| Step 2—late | 1.46 (1.15–1.85) | 0.002 |
| Step 3—early | 1.36 (1.13–1.63) | < 0.001 |
| Step 3—late | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 0.17 |
| Step 4—early | 0.77 (0.64–0.93) | 0.006 |
| Step 4—late | 0.78 (0.61–1.01) | 0.06 |
| Step 5—early | 1.16 (0.95–1.42) | 0.15 |
| Step 5—late | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) | 0.55 |
| Interaction effect2 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 3: Sensitivity analysis: association between the intervention and ACP billing by step after adjusting for the duration of game play by trial participants | ||
| Duration of game play [referent: none] | ||
| < 2 h | 1.17 (1.07–1.29) | < 0.001 |
| 2–3 h | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 0.37 |
| > 3 h | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 0.10 |
| Intervention*step [referent: pre-intervention period] | ||
| Overall effect allowing effect heterogeneity across the steps1 | < 0.001 | |
| Step 1 | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.69 |
| Step 2 | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 0.11 |
| Step 3 | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 0.12 |
| Step 4 | 0.66 (0.57–0.76) | < 0.001 |
| Step 5 | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.43 |
| Interaction effect2 | < 0.001 | |
1Overall test of the null hypothesis that the ORs are equal to 1 for all 5 steps
2Overall test of the null hypothesis that the ORs are equal across the 5 steps (although not necessarily 1)