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. 2023 Apr 28;45(4):2727–2741. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00801-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Observational Cohort Studies of HDL-C and Risk of Fractures. (A) Per 1 standard deviation increase in HDL-C levels (B). Top versus bottom tertiles of HDL-C levels. The summary random and fixed effects estimates presented are based on fully adjusted estimates; CI, confidence interval (bars); HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RR, relative risk; SD, standard deviation