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. 2023 Nov 15;14:7383. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43303-1

Fig. 4. In situ ATR-FTIR and DEMS measurement and mechanism.

Fig. 4

a Normalized XANES, b Fourier transformed EXAFS and c WT–EXAFS Cu K-edge spectra of L-CuxO-HC, L-CuxO-MC, L-CuxO-LC, C-Cu2O and C-Cu. d In situ ATR-FTIR obtained during chronopotentiometry in a potential window from −0.4 V to −2.3 V for L-CuxO-HC (top) and C-CuO (bottom) under CO2RR. e Online DEMS over L-CuxO-HC and f INO /INH2OH + INO ratio at L-CuxO-HC and C-CuO (The shaded area represents the voltage application interval.). g DFT simulation and the free energy of the rate-determining step for C2H4 pathway and the adsorption energy of the *OCCOH intermediate on the Cu2O/CuO interface, CuO and Cu2O.