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. 2023 Jul 3;29(12):4113–4123. doi: 10.1111/cns.14333

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effects of LIPUS treatment on the expression of M1‐ and M2‐related cytokines and neurotrophins. Microglia were treated with LPS, IL‐4, LIPUS, or a combination of LIPUS and LPS or IL‐4. (A) TNF‐α, (B) IL‐1β, (C) IL‐6, and (D) CD86 mRNA in microglia was quantified by qRT‐PCR. Representative immunoblots and densitometric analyses of (E) TNF‐α and (F) IL‐1β in microglia. (G) IL‐10, (H) Ym1, (I) NGF, (J) BDNF, (K) IGF‐1, and (L) TGF‐β mRNA in microglia was quantified by qRT‐PCR. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; N.S. = not significant; n = 8.