Table 1.

Background matching and disruptive coloration of praying mantis of different morphospecies against trunk backgrounds in the southern Amazon rainforest. Summary results of the analysis of variance applied to linear mixed-effects models testing differences in colour and luminance contrasts (as JNDs—just-noticeable differences) and edge disruption (as GabRat) based on the vision of the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) between different trunk backgrounds. For all models, mantis identity was included as a random factor to control for repeated measurements made in the same individual. Significant differences are shown in bold.

		Colour JNDs			Luminance JNDs				GabRat
	df	MS	F	p	MS	F	p	df	MS	F	p
White mantis
Background	2	2.130	25.54	< 0.001	47.993	3.55	0.046	1	0.029	0.97	0.347
Residuals	22	0.083			13.522			11	0.030
Grey mantis
Background	2	0.477	4.82	0.042	0.010	0.03	0.967	1	2.27e-6	0.001	0.98
Residuals	8	0.099			0.291			4	0.002
Green mantis
Background	2	3.233	18.36	< 0.001	4.619	17.34	< 0.001	1	0.847	9.28	0.014
Residuals	18	0.176			0.266			9	0.091