Time course of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in TSST-1-stimulated human PBMCs and effect of anisodamine addition. PBMCs (5 × 105 cells) were stimulated with TSST-1 (10 ng/ml) in the presence or the absence of anisodamine. Cell-free culture supernatants were periodically taken, and the levels of immunoreactive cytokines in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. Concentrations of anisodamine added: open circles, none; closed circles, 12.5 μg/ml; open triangles, 25 μg/ml; closed triangles, 50 μg/ml. Open squares, cytokine levels in control samples without TSST-1 treatment. (A) TNF-α; (B) IL-2; (C) IFN-γ; (D) IL-10.