Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for all study variables.
| N | Mean (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Maternal-level variables | |||
| Education (years) | 37 | 15.03 (2.18) | 10.00–18.00 |
| Third trimester CRP (mg/L) | 40 | 4.23 (2.79) | 0.31–10.97 |
| Third trimester IL-6 (pg/mL) | 40 | 5.65 (5.55) | 1.56–35.34 |
| Third trimester TNF-α (pg/mL) | 33 | 8.22 (3.27) | 5.61–22.18 |
| Third trimester mass index at 3 months postpartum | 35 | 33.95 (8.14) | 19.64–48.87 |
| Infant-level variables | |||
| Age at 6-mo visit (days) | 40 | 197.33 (15.89) | 168.00–245.00 |
| Cognitive ability (scaled score) | 38 | 11.05 (2.77) | 3.00–17.00 |
| Negative affect (proportion score) | 37 | 0.52 (0.43) | 0.00–1.00 |
| Night wakings (total wakings) | 33 | 1.78 (0.77) | 0.00–3.86 |
| Longest sleep period (min) | 33 | 290.63 (76.59) | 184.21–525.18 |
| Nighttime sleep ratio (nighttime sleep to total sleep) | 33 | 0.79 (0.06) | 0.66–0.98 |
| Child-level variables | |||
| Age at 4-yr visit (years) | 33 | 4.00 (0.16) | 3.74–4.38 |
| EF (proportion correct) | 33 | 0.63 (0.15) | 0.26–0.95 |
| N | n (%) | ||
| Prematurity status (GA < 37 weeks) | 40 | 6 (15) | |
| Delivery mode | 31 | ||
| Vaginal birth | 16 (52) | ||
| Cesarean birth | 15 (48) | ||
| Maternal-level variables | |||
| History of high blood pressure | 37 | 8 (22) | |
| History of diabetes | 37 | 1 (3) | |
| Use of WIC in past 3 months | 37 | 18 (51) | |
| Use Medicaid in past 3 months | 37 | 18 (51) | |
| Breastfeeding at 3 months | 35 | ||
| Not breastfeeding | 14 (40) | ||
| Breastfeeding | 21 (60) | ||
| Biological father lives in household | 37 | 22 (59) | |
Note. Means are provided for all continuous variables whereas percentages are provided for dichotomous variables. CRP = C-reactive protein; IL- 6 = interleukin 6; TNF- α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Infant cognitive ability was indexed using the BSID-III Cognitive Subscale Scaled Score; Negative affect was indexed as the proportion of 5-second intervals with coded negative affect behavior during still-face episode; Min=minutes; EF = Executive Function, which was indexed as the proportion of correct items across all EF administered EF tasks; Prematurity status was defined as gestational age less than 37 weeks; Use of WIC and Medicaid in past 3 months was ascertained at the 3-month postpartum visit; Biological father living in the household was ascertained at the 3-month postpartum visit.