Table 5.
Summary of path models linking prenatal inflammation, infant neurodevelopment, and child EF with standardized estimates.
| Child EF β (SE) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Path | Inflammatory Marker | Third trimester CRP (mg/L) | Third trimester IL-6 (pg/mL) | Third trimester TNF-α (pg/mL) | |
|
| |||||
| A | Prematurity (yes vs. no) | → Infant cognitive ability | −.27± (.14) | −.38 ** (.14) | −.38 ** (.14) |
| B | Maternal education (years) | → Infant cognitive ability | .00 (.21) | .01 (.15) | −.03 (0.18) |
| C | Infant age at 6- mo visit (days) | → Infant cognitive ability | .08 (.13) | .16 (.12) | .07 (.13) |
| D | Third trimester inflammatory marker | → Infant cognitive ability | −.28 * (.12) | −.57 ** (.18) | −.48 * (.21) |
| E | Infant cognitive ability | → Child EF | .30± (.18) | .38 * (.17) | .35± (.19) |
| F | Third trimester inflammatory marker | → Child EF | −.09 (.17) | .41 (.29) | .41± (.21) |
| G | Child age at 4-yr visit (years) | → Child EF | .44 ** (.14) | .46 *** (.13) | .36 * (.16) |
| Indirect Effect of Inflammatory | −.08 (.07) | −.09± (.05) | −.17 (.12) | ||
| Marker on Child EF | |||||
| Model R2 (Infant Cognition) | .16 | .39 | .31 | ||
| Model R2 (Child EF) | .35 | .39 | .41 | ||
Note. CRP = C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin 6; TNF- α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha; EF = Executive Function.
±
p < .10
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.