Table 2. Chemical Profile of RR and WR Extractsa.
| concentration
(mg kg–1 dry calyx) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no. | compounds | RRM | RRI | RRD | RRMe | WRM | WRI | WRD | WRMe |
| 1 | gallic acid | 2317.96 | 1719.57 | 190 | 4573.55 | 37.98 | 39.50 | 95.80 | 125.74 |
| 2 | neochlorogenic acid | 8949.61 | 937.57 | 8676.59 | 6793.08 | 1777.05 | 2673.98 | 6489.45 | 6946.39 |
| 3 | delphinidin-3-galactoside | 1113.05 | 1522.65 | 1152.12 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 4 | (+)-catechin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 5 | procyanidin B2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 914.55 |
| 6 | chlorogenic acid | 9219.52 | 9634.96 | 8719.24 | 6502.34 | 215.60 | 282.46 | 986.01 | 870.63 |
| 7 | p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 134.90 | 119.15 | 102.10 | 264.62 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 8 | (–)-epicatechin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 9 | cyanidin-3-glucoside | 757.06 | 1079.60 | 1005.69 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 10 | petunidin-3-glucoside | 4.57 | 6.80 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 11 | 3-hydroxybenzoic acid | 236.66 | 180.64 | 167.32 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 12 | caffeic acid | 1109.25 | 899.81 | 820.38 | 1220.57 | 156.57 | 277.48 | 982.60 | 941.12 |
| 13 | vanillic acid | 102.62 | n.d. | n.d. | 218.08 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 14 | resveratrol | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 15 | pelargonidin-3-glucoside | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 16 | pelagonidin-3-rutinoside | 10.69 | 16.64 | 13.23 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 17 | malvidin-3-galactoside | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 18 | syringic acid | 414.54 | 459.51 | 453.19 | 816.44 | 181.98 | 107.50 | 323.20 | 510.10 |
| 19 | procyanidin A2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 131.27 |
| 20 | p-coumaric acid | 108.52 | 109.51 | 127.58 | 188.50 | 14.54 | 19.06 | 51.62 | 81.29 |
| 21 | ferulic acid | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 22 | 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid | 9.45 | n.d. | 10.39 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 10.56 |
| 23 | rutin | 684.22 | 758.45 | 649.18 | 575.69 | 1765.17 | 439.29 | 1309.09 | 2806.01 |
| 24 | hyperoside | 147.38 | 172.89 | 133.08 | 604.55 | 958.79 | 285.56 | 326.84 | 1933.27 |
| 25 | isoquercitrin | 667.62 | 716.03 | 647.28 | 411.45 | 765.23 | 155.34 | 580.42 | 1165.66 |
| 26 | delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside | 596.80 | 625.71 | 558.49 | 353.32 | 621.85 | 134.29 | 521.94 | 961.58 |
| 27 | phloridzin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 28 | quercitrin | 6.10 | n.d. | 5.02 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 29 | myricetin | 502.06 | 670.50 | 387.78 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 30 | naringin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 31 | kaempferol-3-glucoside | 101.37 | 123.48 | 117.29 | 86.58 | 37.09 | 7.32 | n.d. | 69.70 |
| 32 | hesperidin | 86.65 | 95.29 | 78.26 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 33 | ellagic acid | 1281.31 | 1383.25 | 1045.73 | 298.66 | 136.78 | n.d. | n.d. | 597.72 |
| 34 | trans-cinnamic acid | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 35 | quercetin | 1250.51 | 1416.77 | 994.48 | 310.53 | 84.15 | 29.55 | 116.18 | 623.64 |
| 36 | phloretin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| 37 | kaempferol | 65.28 | 69.59 | 49.94 | n.d. | 60.03 | n.d. | 72.28 | n.d. |
| 38 | isorhamnetin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 1.50 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| total content | 29877.71 | 22718.38 | 27814.36 | 23217.96 | 6814.32 | 4451.31 | 11855.45 | 18689.23 | |
a
RRM, red roselle extracted by maceration; RRI, red roselle extracted by infusion; RRD red roselle extracted by decoction; RRMe red roselle extracted by methanol; WRM, white roselle extracted by maceration; WRI, white roselle extracted by infusion; WRD, white roselle extracted by decoction; WRMe, white roselle extracted by methanol; n.d; not detected.