TABLE 2.
The ARIC participant characteristics at baseline.
| Cross‐sectional sample (N = 3838) | Longitudinal sample (N = 1725) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust | Prefrail | Frail | No incident frailty | Incident frailty | |
| Mean (SD)/N (%) | n = 1762 | n = 1806 | n = 270 | n = 1484 | n = 241 |
| Age, years | 74.3 (4.5) | 76.3 (5.2) | 77.8 (5.7) | 73.8 (4.3) | 75.8 (4.9) |
| Women | 948 (53.8%) | 1050 (58.1%) | 181 (67.0%) | 817 (55.1%) | 140 (58.1%) |
| Race center | |||||
| Minneapolis Whites | 661 (37.5%) | 551 (30.5%) | 61 (22.6%) | 496 (33.4%) | 69 (28.6%) |
| Jackson Blacks | 219 (12.4%) | 280 (15.5%) | 53 (19.6%) | 204 (13.7%) | 43 (17.8%) |
| Washington Whites | 508 (28.8%) | 545 (30.2%) | 92 (34.1%) | 413 (27.8%) | 85 (35.3%) |
| Forsyth Blacks | 15 (0.9%) | 26 (1.4%) | 6 (2.2%) | 22 (1.5%) | 2 (0.8%) |
| Forsyth Whites | 359 (20.4%) | 404 (22.4%) | 58 (21.5%) | 349 (23.5%) | 42 (17.4%) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.0) | 4.5 (1.0) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 68.9 (16.4) | 64.1 (17.8) | 54.0 (19.0) | 70.6 (15.7) | 60.0 (17.6) |
| Hypertension | 1222 (69.4%) | 1365 (75.6%) | 222 (82.2%) | 999 (67.3%) | 197 (81.7%) |
| Diabetes | 444 (25.2%) | 634 (35.1%) | 127 (47.0%) | 356 (24.0%) | 112 (46.5%) |
| Coronary heart disease | 201 (11.4%) | 307 (17.0%) | 58 (21.5%) | 146 (9.8%) | 42 (17.4%) |
| Heart failure | 10 (0.6%) | 28 (1.6%) | 14 (5.2%) | 8 (0.5%) | 4 (1.7%) |
| Stroke | 36 (2.0%) | 64 (3.5%) | 23 (8.5%) | 29 (2.0%) | 9 (3.7%) |
| Cancer | 369 (20.9%) | 430 (23.8%) | 74 (27.4%) | 279 (18.8%) | 57 (23.7%) |
| Lung disease | 329 (18.7%) | 449 (24.9%) | 99 (36.7%) | 269 (18.1%) | 74 (30.7%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2 (5.0) | 28.7 (5.6) | 30.1 (7.1) | 28.2 (4.9) | 31.1 (6.3) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.