Alignment of acetate kinase, propionate kinase, and butyrate kinase sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of the enzymes were aligned by using ClustalX (38). Residues essential for acetate kinase activity (number signs) and for the hydrophobic pocket (percent signs) are indicated above the alignment. Identical (asterisks) and similar (colons or periods) residues in the sequences are indicated below the alignment. The values in parentheses are the levels of identity followed by the levels of similarity (expressed as percentages) to the acetate kinase from M. thermophila. Abbreviations: MT AK, M. thermophila acetate kinase (accession number gi:584720); LC PK, Lactobacillus collinoides propionate kinase (gi:29335735); SE PK, S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium propionate kinase (gi:5069465); EC PK, E. coli propionate kinase (gi:1176151); CB BK1, Clostridium acetobutylicum butyrate kinase I (gi:20137334); CP BK, Clostridium perfringens butyrate kinase (gi:4239872); CB BK2, C. acetobutylicum butyrate kinase II (gi:20137415); TT BK, Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis butyrate kinase (gi:20517209); EF BK, Enterococcus faecalis butyrate kinase (gi:20137247).