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. 2023 Nov 16;23:342. doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-03087-2

Table 2.

Virulence gene profiles in S. aureus isolates recovered from DFUs and Healthy skin (n = 32)

ST1-t127 (n = 2) n(%) ST241-t037 (n = 5) n(%) ST291-t937 (n = 1) n(%) ST672-t3841 (n = 3) n(%) ST80-t044/t1247/t639 (n = 16) n(%) ST97-t9432 (n = 1) n(%) STNF-t037 (n = 4) n(%) Total (n = 32) n(%) §p-value
Adhesion
clfA 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(100) 4(100) 12(37.5) < 0.001
clfB 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 0(0) 1(100) 2(50) 13(40.6) < 0.001
ebp 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
fnbA 2(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 2(6.3) < 0.001
fnbB 2(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(6.3) 0(0) 0(0) 3(9.4) 0.002
map 0(0) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 15(93.8) 1(100) 4(100) 28(87.5) 0.001
capA 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
cap8A 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8B 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8C 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8D 0(0) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8E 0(0) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8F 0(0) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8G 0(0) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8H 0(0) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 16(100) 0(0) 4(100) 28(87.5) < 0.001
cap8I 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 16(100) 0(0) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8J 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 16(100) 0(0) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8K 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 16(100) 0(0) 4(100) 30(93.8) < 0.001
cap8L 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8M 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8N 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8O 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
cap8P 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
capN 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
srtB 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 15(93.8) 1(100) 4(100) 31(96.9) 0.984
sdrC 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 1(33.3) 12(75) 1(100) 4(100) 25(78.1) 0.104
sdrD 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 15(93.8) 1(100) 4(100) 30(93.8) 0.014
sdrE 1(50) 3(60) 0(0) 0(0) 15(93.8) 1(100) 3(75) 23(71.9) 0.018
icaA/B/C/D/R 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdB 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdC 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdD 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 15(93.8) 1(100) 4(100) 31(96.9) 0.984
isdE 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdF 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdG 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
isdI 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
harA 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
Toxins
Haemolysins
hly/hla 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
hlb 1(50) 0(0) 1(100) 1(33.3) 5(31.3) 1(100) 0(0) 9(28.1) 0.161
hld 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
hlgA/B/C 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
Enterotoxins and Enterotoxin-like
sea 2(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 6(18.8) < 0.001
seb 2(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(100) 0(0) 3(9.4) < 0.001
seh 2(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 2(6.3) < 0.001
egc cluster* 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(9.4) < 0.001
sek 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 11(34.4) < 0.001
seq 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 11(34.4) < 0.001
selk 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 11(34.4) < 0.001
selq 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 11(34.4) < 0.001
Staphylococcal exotoxin-like
set16 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 2(6.3) 0.060
set17 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set18 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set19 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 0(0) 1(100) 0(0) 2(6.3) 0.002
set20 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set21 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(3.1) 0.017
set22 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set23 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set24 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set25 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
set26 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(3.1) 0.017
Other toxins
edinB 0(0) 0(0) 1(100) 0(0) 16(100) 0(0) 0(0) 17(53.1) < 0.001
lukS-PV/lukF-PV 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 16(100) 0(0) 0(0) 16(50) < 0.001
lukD/E 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
Type VII secretion system
esaA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
esaB 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
esaD 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
esaE 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
esaG 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 1(33.3) 3(18.8) 1(100) 0(0) 6(18.8) 0.214
esaG1 1(50) 5(100) 1(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 11(34.4) < 0.001
esaG2 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 2(66.7) 13(81.3) 0(0) 0(0) 16(50) 0.007
esaG3 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 2(66.7) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(9.4) 0.006
esaG4 1(50) 5(100) 0(0) 2(66.7) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 12(37.5) < 0.001
esaG5 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(3.1) 0.017
esaG6 0(0) 0(0) 1(100) 2(66.7) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(9.4) < 0.001
esaG7 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 2(66.7) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(9.4) 0.006
esaG8 1(50) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 1(3.1) 0.017
esaG9 1(50) 5(100) 0(0) 2(66.7) 13(81.3) 0(0) 4(100) 25(78.1) 0.091
essA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
essB 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
essC 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
esxA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
esxB 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
esxC 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
esxD 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
Degrading enzyme
Lipases
geh 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
lip 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
Proteases
sspA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
sspB 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 28(87.5) < 0.001
sspC 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
splA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 0(0) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 29(90.6) < 0.001
splB 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 28(87.5) < 0.001
splE 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 0(0) 0(0) 1(100) 4(100) 13(40.6) < 0.001
Hyaluronidases
hysA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 0(0) 16(100) 0(0) 4(100) 28(87.5) < 0.001
Coagulases
coa 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 3(9.4) < 0.001
vWbp 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 4(100) 11(34.4) < 0.001
Other enzymes
aur 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
Immune evasion
adsA 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N
chp 0(0) 5(100) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 5(15.6) < 0.001
sak 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 14(87.5) 1(100) 4(100) 29(90.6) 0.077
scn 2(100) 5(100) 0(0) 3(100) 14(87.5) 1(100) 4(100) 29(90.6) 0.077
spa 2(100) 0(0) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 0(0) 23(71.9) < 0.001
sbi 2(100) 5(100) 1(100) 3(100) 16(100) 1(100) 4(100) 32(100) N

§ Chi-squared test was used to calculate p-values for describing the association of each gene and STs, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant

*egc cluster corresponds to seg, sei, sem, sen, seo and seu genes

Values are numbers and percentages in brackets