Table 3.

Multivariate analysis of primary and secondary outcomes in the HOMA-IR groups

	Model 1		Model 2
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
New onset DM
HbA1c (%)	28.1(16.9–46.5)	< 0.001	28.9 (16.9–49.8)	< 0.001
Low HOMA-IR	Reference		Reference
Moderate HOMA-IR	0.78 (0.49–1.26)	0.31	0.91 (0.55–1.51)	0.72
High HOMA-IR	1.42 (0.95–2.14)	0.09	1.86 (1.17–2.96)	0.01
Chronic kidney disease
HbA1c (%)	1.15 (0.85–1.55)	0.36	1.10 (0.80–1.52)	0.56
Moderate HOMA-IR	1.07(0.81–1.40)	0.65	1.01 (0.75–1.36)	0.96
High HOMA-IR	1.42 (1.10–1.84)	0.01	1.49 (1.12–1.98)	0.01
Macrovascular event
HbA1c (%)	1.43 (0.81–2.54)	0.22	1.31 (0.71–2.44)	0.39
Moderate HOMA-IR	0.67 (0.41–1.11)	0.12	0.64 (0.38–1.09)	0.11
High HOMA-IR	0.84 (0.52–1.34)	0.46	0.91 (0.53–1.56)	0.74

Model 1, adjusted for HbA1c, age, sex, current smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease; Model 2, adjusted for factors in model 1 as well as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, glomerular filtration rate, and body mass index