Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical background
| Patient | Age | Gender | Location of biopsy | CCM type | No. of lesions | Lesion size (mm) | Inherited mutation | Hemorrhage | Other symptoms | Stained with | Evidence of clots |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | F | Pons | Sporadic | >1 | 15 × 15 | None | Yes | No | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | Yes |
| 2 | 48 | F | Pons | Sporadic | 1 | 10 | None | Yes | No | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | Yes |
| 3 | 55 | F | Frontal lobe | Sporadic | 1 | 15 | None | Yes | No | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | Yes∗ |
| 4 | 31 | M | Other | Familial | >10 | 25 | CCM1 | Yes | L, S, U, V | Fraser-Lendrum | Yes |
| 5 | 18 | M | Left frontal lobe | Familial | 2-10 | 10 | CCM2 | Yes, twice | C, H, S, U, V, vertigo | Fraser-Lendrum | Yes |
| 6 | 51 | F | Right temporal lobe | Familial | 2-10† | 25 | CCM1 | Yes | D, H, S, T, lethargy, V, tinnitus | Fraser-Lendrum | Yes |
| 7 | 23 | F | Parietal lobe | Sporadic | 1 | 20 | None | Yes‡ | T | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | Yes |
| 8 | 31 | M | Parieto-occipital lobe | Sporadic | 1 | 20 | None | Yes | S | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | Yes |
| 9 | 66 | M | Temporal lobe | Sporadic | >1 | 25 | None | Yes | S | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | Yes |
| 10 | 34 | M | Frontal cortex | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | No |
| 11 | 69 | M | Frontal cortex | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Fibrin-fibrinogen and VWF | No |
Patients 10 and 11 were used as control human brain samples. The criteria for clots were based on the presence of fibrin, polyhedrocytes, or platelets.
C, coordination problems; D, decreased sensation; H, headaches; L, limb weakness; NA, not applicable; S, seizures; T, tingling sensation in extremities; U, understanding and speaking problems; V, vision problems.
∗
Fibrin-positive regions, but absence of large clots.
†
In brain and skin.
‡
Microbleeding.