Table 3.

Multivariate analysis of the factors associated with dispensation of selective COX-2 inhibitors versus traditional nonselective NSAIDs

	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age group (years)
75+	3.17 (3.01–3.34)	4.22 (3.95–4.51)
55 to ≤74	2.86 (2.74–2.99)	3.23 (3.06–3.40)
18–54	Reference	Reference
Female sex	1.61 (1.52–1.66)	1.52 (1.45–1.58)
Income level (lower)	0.72 (0.68–0.76)	0.90 (0.85–0.96)
Prior diagnosis of gastropathy	1.93 (1.75–2.11)	1.21 (1.08–1.36)
Prior gastrointestinal procedures	1.94 (1.71–2.22)	1.09 (0.94–1.27)
Prior dispensation of gastroprotective agents	2.37 (2.25–2.50)	1.57 (1.47–1.67)
Prior referral to gastroenterologist	1.89 (1.69–2.12)	1.23 (1.08–1.39)
Prior history of NSAID use
Recent, first time	2.39 (2.14–2.66)	2.17 (1.93–2.43)
Recent, chronic	1.58 (1.46–1.70)	1.21 (1.11–1.32)
>1 to 3 months	1.12 (1.06–1.19)	0.95 (0.89–1.01)
>3 to 12 months	0.93 (0.88–0.98)	0.84 (0.80–0.89)
No use in past year	Reference	Reference
Corticosteroids	1.72 (1.62–1.82)	1.16 (1.07–1.24)
Anticoagulants	2.53 (2.15–2.98)	1.56 (1.32–1.85)
Antidepressants	1.69 (1.59–1.80)	1.37 (1.28–1.46)
Benzodiazepines	1.87 (1.78–1.95)	1.20 (1.14–1.26)
Acetaminophen	1.85 (1.76–1.94)	1.41 (1.34–1.49)
Low dose ASA	0.85 (0.81–0.89)	0.56 (0.52–0.59)
Chronic Disease Score
10+	2.88 (2.65–3.14)	1.26 (1.13–1.41)
5–9	2.21 (2.10–2.32)	1.28 (1.20–1.37)
1–4	1.88 (1.80–1.97)	1.26 (1.19–1.33)
0	Reference	Reference
Specialist (versus GP)	0.99 (0.94–1.04)	0.89 (0.84–0.94)
Dosage
High dose	1.91 (1.80–2.03)	2.19 (2.06–2.33)
Low dose	0.40 (0.38–0.42)	0.29 (0.27–0.30)
Standard dose	Reference	Reference
Time period
January–June	0.72 (0.68–0.76)	0.54 (0.51–0.57)
July–Sept	1.02 (0.95–1.09)	0.99 (0.92–1.06)
October–December	Reference	Reference

All covariables included simultaneously in the models are listed in this table; models were not adjusted for any other factors. ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CI, confidence interval; COX, cyclo-oxygenase; GP, general practitioner; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio.