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. 2023 Oct 18;56(21):8377–8392. doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00967

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Most commonly used cross-linking techniques for stimuli-responsive hydrogels used in tissue engineering. Cross-linking can be achieved by covalent bonds (dynamic reversible or nondynamic irreversible links) or noncovalent supramolecular bonds. The dynamic covalent bonds are classified from the least to the most dynamic ones under physiological conditions (from top to bottom).