Table 1.

Ongoing clinical trials investigating FMT and immunotherapy for renal cancer.

Identifier	Phase	Cancer type	Intervention	Study model	Donors
NCT05286294	Phase 2	Melanoma, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Renal cell carcinoma, MSI+ solid cancer	FMT (via colonoscopy) + ICIs	Single arm, open label, non-randomized clinical trial	patients who are responding to ICIs
NCT04758507	Phase 1/2	Renal Cell Carcinoma	FMT (via colonoscopy and stool capsules) + ICIs versus placebo FMT + ICIs	Two arms, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial	patients who are responding to ICIs
NCT04038619	Phase 1	Diarrhoea or Colitis in Genitourinary Cancer	FMT (via colonoscopy) + ICIs	Single arm, open label, non-randomized clinical trial	Healthy donors
NCT03819296	Phase 1/2	Diarrhoea or Colitis in Melanoma and in Genitourinary Cancer	FMT (via colonoscopy) + ICIs	Single arm, open label, non-randomized clinical trial	Healthy donors
NCT04521075	Phase 1/2	Melanoma, NSCLC, MSI+ solid tumors	FMT (via colonoscopy and stool capsules) + ICIs	Single arm, open label, non-randomized clinical trial	Patients with durable complete response to ICIs
NCT05273255	Not Applicable	Solid Carcinoma	FMT (via colonoscopy) + ICIs	Single arm, open label, non-randomized clinical trial	Patients with partial or complete response to ICIs, with a minimum duration of remission lasting ≥12 months
NCT04264975	Not Applicable	Solid Carcinoma	FMT (via colonoscopy) + ICIs	Single arm, open label, non-randomized clinical trial	Patients who have partial or complete response to ICIs

MSI: Microsatellite Instability, FMT: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, ICIs: immune checkpoint inhibitors, NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer.