Table 2.
CPP and C. pyrenoidosa peptide functions, mechanisms, and their applications.
| Category | Function | Mechanisms | Applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPPH-Ca | CPP calcium chelate | Increasing the expression of calcium binding protein D9k, calcium pump and other related genes, and the abundance of intestinal flora | Calcium supplements | Hua et al. (2019) |
| C. pyrenoidosa | Photosynthesis | Absorbing nitrogen sources from wastewater as nutrients | Wastewater recycling; Develop biodiesel | Keppler et al. (2018) |
| CPP Pigment Complex | Antioxidant | Increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase; inhibition of high reactive oxygen species levels caused by hydrogen peroxide | antioxidant | Cherng et al. (2010) |
| CPPH | Emulsify | Adsorption of proteins and polypeptides at the oil water interface reduces surface tension, increasing solubility | Emulsifier | Liu et al. (2022) |
| C. pyrenoidosa pigment protein complex; | Anti-inflammation, anti-aging | Inhibition of TNF- α and IL-6, Inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion molecule production | Treatment of chronic inflammatory related cardiovascular diseases | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| Chlorella-11 peptide | ||||
| CPP | Immunoactivity | Increasing the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and natural killer cell activity, lymphocytes undergo transformation | Immune Enhancement Products | Zhang et al. (2018) |
| C. pyrenoidosa peptide | Antihypertensive | Targeted inhibition of ACE and DPP-IV by CP polypeptides | Treatment of cardiovascular diseases | Li et al. (2021) |
| CPP; symbiotic culture of C. pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica | Anti-hemolysis | Y. lipolytica can stimulate the formation of superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll a-b binding proteins | Antihemolytic drugs | Wang et al. (2019) |
| CPP hydrolyzed by alkaline protease | Anti-obesity | Activating AMPK pathway, inhibiting lipid synthesis and metabolism, inactivating adipocyte specific proteins | Weight loss products | Kubatka et al. (2015) |
| CPP | Bacteriostat | Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria from animals and plants | Bacteriostatic products, or can be combined with 3D printing | Chen et al. (2005) |
| CPP | Rich nutrition, biocompatibility | – | 3D printing | Xia et al. (2020) |