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. 2023 Sep 30;4(1):11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.09.005

Table 1.

Participant Demographics Overall and by PCE

Variable Total, N = 11,530 PCE, n = 697 Unexposed, n = 10,833 Group Comparison
Age in Months, Mean (SD) 118.99 (7.49) 118.50 (7.66) 119.01 (7.49) p = .06
Biological Sex, n
 Female 5507 347 5160 p = .15
 Male 6203 350 5673
Race/Ethnicitya, n
 Non-White 5462 440 5022 p < .001b
 White 6068 257 5811
Week Learned of Their Pregnancy in Weeks, Mean (SD) 6.92 (6.78) 8.24 (7.25) 6.84 (6.74) p < .001b
Parent Level of Education, n
 Less than high school 769 60 709 p < .001b
 High school diploma/GED 1216 133 1083
 Some college 3382 311 3071
 Bachelor’s degree 3258 111 3147
 Postgraduate degree 2888 82 2806
Family Incomea, n
 Low income, <$50,000 3121 358 2763 p < .001b
 Middle income, $50,000–$99,999 2981 168 2813
 High income, >$100,000 4441 108 4333
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, n
 Prenatal alcohol exposure 2845 418 2427 p < .001b
 No prenatal alcohol exposure 8684 279 8405
Prenatal Tobacco Exposure, n
 Prenatal tobacco exposure 1540 416 1124 p < .001b
 No prenatal tobacco exposure 9988 281 9707
Prenatal Exposure to Other Substances, n
 Prenatal substance exposure 114 65 49 p < .001b
 No prenatal substance exposure 11,353 583 10,770
Maternal Depression, n
 History of maternal depression 2569 282 2287 p < .001b
 No history of maternal depression 8496 359 8137
Premature Birth, n
 Premature birth 2155 110 2045 p = .2465
 Not premature birth 9317 571 8746
Planned Pregnancy, n
 Planned pregnancy 4365 501 3864 p < .001b
 Unplanned pregnancy 7043 168 6875

GED, general educational development; PCE, prenatal cannabis exposure.

a

Values may not add up to total sample because of missing data or data not reported.

b

p < .001.