TABLE 1.

Proteome efficiency of pathways

Pathway	Pathway expression (for shared proteins) (n = 14) a			Measured-only fraction b (median across 14 conditions) (f measured-only)	Individual shared proteins; median across 14 conditions c
	r pathway 2	P	GMFEpathway		r individual 2	P	n d
Measures (1)–(4)	(1)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(4)
Transporters f	(−) 0.57 e	1.9 × 10 −3	3.39	0.92	0.13	0.64	4
Central metabolism	0.024	0.60	2.32	0.31	0.15	3.3 × 10 −3	56
Glycolysis	0.63	6.9 × 10−4	2.21	0.08	0.35	0.05	11
Pentose phosphate pathway	0.72	1.3 × 10−4	1.30	0.39	0.32	0.24	6
Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle	(−) 0.43 e	0.01	6.40	0.10	0.38	0.03	12
Glyoxylate shunt	– g	– g	– g	1	– g	– g	0
Energy generation	(−) 0.02 e	0.61	1.63	0.06	0.11	0.08	28
Central metabolism, others	0.44	9.4 × 10−3	1.56	0.55	0.98	0.10	3
Biosynthesis	0.84	4.8 × 10 −6	1.70	0.26	0.45	4.2 × 10 −31	226
Amino acid	0.77	3.7 × 10−5	1.40	0.30	0.45	1.1 × 10−10	72
Nucleotide	0.67	3.7 × 10−4	3.32	0.23	0.15	0.05	28
Cell envelope	0.43	0.01	1.88	0.14	0.38	2.3 × 10−5	40
Cofactor	0.84	4.9 × 10−6	1.24	0.11	0.59	4.1 × 10−15	72
Biosynthesis, others	0.60	1.1 × 10−3	2.91	0.25	0.46	5.4 × 10−5	29
Translation	0.87	1.1 × 10 −6	1.35	0	0.98	0.08	3
Others (other metabolic enzymes)	0.004	0.84	1.79	0.91	0.16	0.03	30
Total metabolism	0.72	1.4 × 10 −4	1.79	0.52	0.35	1.7 × 10 −30	309

^a Values reflect the local optimality of complete pathways across conditions. n = 14 indicates the number of glycolytic carbon sources analyzed.

^b Mass fraction of measured-only (unpredicted but observed) proteins relative to all proteins in the pathway.

^c These columns reflect the local optimality compared across individual proteins within each pathway at a given growth condition; values are medians across the n = 14 glycolytic growth conditions.

^d Number of proteins in each pathway or pathway set.

^e Negative correlation coefficient r _pathway.

^f Bold font indicates coarse-grained pathways.

^g –, not applicable.