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. 2023 Mar 30;36(4):403–407. doi: 10.2337/ds22-0076

Table 2.

Mental Health Baseline Scores and Associations With Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Characteristic Depressive Symptoms PHQ-9 Suicide Risk Diabetes Distress
PHQ-9 ≥11 PHQ-9 <11 P Yes No P PAID-T ≥44 PAID-T <44 P
Age, years
 13–17
 ≥18

54 (65.06)
29 (34.94)

410 (79.92)
103 (20.08)
0.003
34 (66.67)
17 (33.33)

419 (78.86)
115 (21.14)
0.045
69 (66.99)
34 (33.01)

391 (79.96)
98 (20.04)
0.004
Sex
 Male
 Female

29 (34.94)
54 (65.06)

279 (54.39)
234 (45.61)
0.001
23 (45.10)
28 (54.90)

285 (52.39)
259 (47.61)
0.319
35 (33.98)
68 (66.02)

271 (55.42)
218 (44.58)
<0.001
Race/ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic White
 Black or African American
 Hispanic
 Other
 Patient did not disclose

55 (66.27)
5 (6.02)
6 (7.23)
14 (16.87)
3 (3.61)

337 (65.69)
30 (5.85)
74 (14.42)
50 (9.75)
22 94.29)
0.184
34 (66.67)
2 (3.92)
4 (7.84)
10 (19.61)
1 (1.96)

357 (65.63)
33 (6.07)
76 (13.97)
54 (9.93)
24 (4.41)
0.171
63 (61.17)
12 (11.65)
10 (9.71)
13 (12.62)
5 (4.85)

326 (66.67)
23 (4.70)
69 (14.11)
51 (10.43)
20 (4.09)
0.059
Insurance
 Commercial
 Medicaid
 Other

47 (58.02)
32 (39.51)
2 (2.47)

328 (66.80)
155 (31.57)
8 (1.63)
0.296
27 (54.00)
21 (42.00)
2 (4.00)

347 (66.60)
166 (31.86)
8 (1.54)
0.127
64 (62.14)
38 (36.89)
1 (0.97)

308 (66.09)
149 (31.97)
9 (1.93)
0.531
BMI z score
 <−1
 −1 to 1
 >1

3 (4.23)
38 (53.52)
30 (42.25)

26 (5.59)
263 (56.56)
176 (37.85)
0.732
1 (2.33)
21 (48.84)
21 (48.84)

28 (5.69)
279 (56.71)
185 (37.60)
0.278
6 (6.52)
47 (51.09)
39 (42.39)

23 (5.22)
251 (56.92)
167 (37.87)
0.576
Injections versus pump
 Injections
 Pump

43 (63.24)
25 (36.76)

223 (47.75)
244 (52.25)
0.017
28 (66.67)
14 (33.33)

238 (48.37)
254 (51.63)
0.023
55 (56.12)
43 (43.88)

210 (48.39)
224 (51.61)
0.167
CGM use
 Yes
 No

44 (55.70)
35 (44.30)

293 (57.68)
215 (42.32)
0.741
25 (51.02)
24 (48.98)

311 (57.91)
226 (42.09)
0.350
55 (54.46)
46 (45.54)

280 (57.97)
203 (42.03)
0.516

Data are n (%).