Table I.

VOCs emitted from lima bean leaves upon feeding by S. littoralis, C. hortensis, and the mechanical larva MecWorm

The relative amount of the volatiles was determined by the ratio of the peak area of the particular compound (A_VOC) to the peak area of the internal standard (A_IS). Medians over 6 to 10 replications with range of values (minimum to maximum) shown in parentheses are given; treatments and number of compounds according to Figures 1, A and C, and 3A.

Compound (No.)	S. littoralis	C. hortensis	MecWorm
	Relative Amount of VOCs (AVOC/AIS)
Octen-3-ol (1)	0.09 (0.06–0.19)a	0.03 (0.01–0.05)b	0.37 (0.17–0.69)c
Hex-Ac (2)	0.47 (0.14–1.37)	0.16 (0.07–0.41)b	0.43 (0.34–0.59)
β-Ocimene (3)	0.65 (0.16–1.42)	0.49 (0.01–0.67)	0.28 (0.09–1.21)
Linalool (4)	0.37 (0.19–0.63)	0.37 (0.10–0.78)	0.19 (0.11–0.47)c
DMNT(5)	0.51 (0.21–1.29)	0.36 (0.14–0.88)	0.31 (0.07–0.47)c
C10H14 (6)	0.27 (0.08–0.48)a	0.05 (0.01–0.07)	0.08 (0.03–0.26)
MeSA (7)	0.01 (0.01–0.03)	0.13 (0.07–0.59)	0.03 (0.01–0.09)
C10H16O (8)	0.89 (0.28–1.92)	0.26 (0.05–0.32)	0.27 (0.07–0.88)c
Indole (9)	0.00 (n.d.–0.28)	n.d.d	n.d.d
β-Caryophyllene (10)	0.07 (0.03–0.17)a	tre	0.02 (n.d.–0.06)c
Nerolidol (11)	0.03 (0.01–0.07)a	tre	n.d.d
TMTT (12)	0.12 (0.05–0.21)	0.26 (0.02–0.67)	0.03 (0.01–0.07)c

^aThe Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significance of differences in VOC amounts between S. littoralis and S. hortensis. Statistical evaluations were done with SPSS (version 11.5).

^bThe Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significance of differences in VOC amounts between S. hortensis and MecWorm. Statistical evaluations were done with SPSS (version 11.5).

^cThe Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significance of differences in VOC amounts between S. littoralis and MecWorm. These comparisons yielded a P value < 0.05 and were considered to be statistically significant.

^dn.d., Compound not detectable.

^etr, Traces (A_VOC/A_IS ≤ 0.005).